The longest chain of mountains in the world that extends into all of Earth's oceans.
What is the mid-ocean ridge?
100
Rigid slabs of lithosphere that move slowly over the asthenosphere.
What are tectonic plates?
100
A thoroughly tested and widely accepted scientific idea.
What is a theory?
100
He first proposed the idea of continental drift.
What is Alfred Wegener?
100
Magma that reaches Earth's surface.
What is lava?
200
A device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects and enables scientists to map the ocean floor.
What is sonar?
200
Scientists think that this is the reason tectonic plates move.
What is convection currents in the mantle?
200
Molten material, gases and water from the mantle.
What is magma?
200
Name of a supercontinent that existed about 225 million years ago.
What is Pangaea?
200
Name of the area that has the most earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on Earth.
What is the Ring of Fire?
300
Process by which old, dense oceanic crust sinks back into the mantle
What is subduction?
300
Two plates carrying continents are colliding to form the Himalayas at this type of boundary.
What is convergent?
300
A break in Earth's crust where rock movement has occured, sometimes resulting in earthquakes.
What is a fault?
300
Three types of evidence used by Wegener to support his idea of continental drift.
What are evidence from landforms, fossils and climate?
300
Name of a future supercontinent predicted to form in about 250 million years.
What is Pangaea Ultima?
400
A underwater canyon created by subducting oceanic crust.
What is a deep-ocean trench?
400
A type of boundary where plates are moving apart, resulting in upwelling of magma from the mantle.
What is a divergent boundary?
400
Continental plates diverging in Africa have created this feature.
What is the East African Rift Valley? (or the Great Rift Valley)
400
Name of the fernlike plant fossil found in Africa, South America, Australia, India and Antarctica that was evidence of continental drift.
What is Glossopteris?
400
The word "tekton" means this.
What is "to build"?
500
Evidence that oceanfloor rock lies in a pattern of "stripes" that are the same on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge.
What is a record of magnetic field reversals.
500
The North American Plate and the Juan de Fuca Plate share this type of boundary.
What is transform (or Strike-Slip)?
500
Oceanic plates converging in the Pacific have created the deepest place on Earth.
What is Mariana Trench?
500
Name of the book Wegener published in 1915.
What is "The Origin of Continents and Oceans"?
500
The March 11, 2011 earthquake off the coast of Japan was the result thrust faulting along the subduction zone boundary of the Okhotsk Plate and another plate.