Play
According to Mary Reilly, what are the stages of play (from earliest to latest)?
Exploration, competence, achievement
Exploration, achievement, competence
Achievement, competence, exploration
Competence, exploration, achievement
Exploration, competence, achievement
Mary Reilly defined the hierarchical stages of play as an exploration of competence to achievement.
Which adaptation principle would help a child who has difficulty with performance skills of manipulates and grips?
Built-up handles
Which of the following is the BEST description of IADLs?
More complex than ADLs
Children begin to shift from an inward view of the world to an outward view
when they enter school.
Current theories of play, including those developed through animal research suggest that play may be vitally important for ________________.
regulating emotion and stress
enhance motor learning through variability
all of these
managing novelty and problem solving
all of these
Animal research suggests that play can be risky and dangerous for the animal and therefore must serve an important function. Researchers propose the function of play is the provide variability for the brain to enhance the ability to handle novelty, solve problems creatively, and regulate emotions.
After performing a task analysis while Noah uses the toilet at school, the occupational therapist notes that Noah does not know the routine for toileting and has outbursts while in the bathroom. What possible adaptation(s) may help Noah be successful?
All of the above.
Review data collected when Noah is wet or dry and set up a schedule for when he goes to the bathroom.
Urge the family, caregivers, and school personnel to use the same routine with Noah across environments.
Use a visual schedule.
All of the above.
Determining Noah's daily rhythm for toileting increases the likelihood that he is placed on the toilet before an accident occurs. By developing a visual schedule, both Noah and his caregiver follow the same routine each time he is in the bathroom. The visual schedule gives Noah cues for what comes next. By encouraging the use of a routine across environments, repetition assists in learning to generalize from one environment to the other.
Which of the following occupations is considered an instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) according to the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework, 3rd ed.?
To be engaged in co-occupations, the participants need to share all of the following EXCEPT
conversation.
Individuals can determine play and nonplay episodes when they are observed and the predominant differences between the two include:
sensory and motor dimensions.
cognitive and sensory dimensions.
social-emotional and sensory dimensions.
social-emotional and cognitive dimensions.
social-emotional and sensory dimensions.
The researchers found that the cognitive dimension did not differ between play and nonplay episodes but the social and sensory dimensions did. Observers were able to note differences in play versus nonplay.
For a 5-year-old, which of the following instruments is used to measure the three domains of self-care, mobility, and social function?
Functional Independence Measure-II for Children (WeeFIM-II)
Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI)
Hawaii Early Learning Profile (HELP)RECT
School Function Assessment (SFA)
Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI)
PEDI is a normative, judgment-based outcome measurement. It measures the three domains of self-care, mobility, and social function and is appropriate up to age 6.
Which of the following is an important consideration for an occupational therapist when addressing the IADL of driving and community mobility?
Children begin to show preferences for specific playmates as early as age
Characteristic that is not common in play:
Internal control
Freedom to suspend reality
Fun
Extrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Play is intrinsically motivating (the child engages in play by her own desire).
Lyle is 10 years old and has spastic diplegia with intellectual limitations. Which of the following assessments is appropriate to evaluate his dressing skills?
Ask Lyle to unbutton a dressing doll's buttons.
Watch Lyle take off his coat when he comes to school.
Ask the parents to complete the Battelle Caregiver Questionnaire on Self-Care.
Use the Functional Independence Measure-II for Children (WeeFIM)
Watch Lyle take off his coat when he comes to school.
Watching Lyle perform the dressing task in his natural environment is the best way to evaluate his dressing skills. This is an ecological or environmentally referenced assessment and is most appropriate for children with moderate to severe disabilities. The WeeFIM and the Battelle are for children younger than Lyle. The dressing doll is a simulated task and may not generalize to Lyle dressing on his own.
Which of the following is an example of an OT intervention addressing IADLs using an establish, restore approach as described by the OTPF, 3rd ed.?
Executive dysfunction may include all of the following EXCEPT
In considering play as an occupation, therapists consider the form, function, meaning, and context. If a therapist was describing categories or types of play, or the general developmental progression of skills in play, the therapist would be speaking about the __________ of play.
form
function
meaning
context
form
The form of an occupation is its directly observable aspects, the objective aspects of an occupation that are independent of the person doing it.
Melissa, a 15-year-old child with a brain injury and cortical blindness, is working with occupational therapy for establishing a morning routine at the rehabilitation center. She is able to wash her face, brush her teeth, and dress with supervision. Today a nursing staff member told the occupational therapist, "I gave Melissa her breakfast, but when returning to the room, she could do none of the morning routines. I used the verbal cues from the chart in her room, and nothing worked." Hypothesize what cues you may give the nursing staff to help improve Melissa's performance.
Suggest that Melissa do her morning routine first, then eat.
Which of the following is the BEST example of outcome measurement as part of the OT process?
Which of the following is an intervention that uses social cognitive theory?
Video modeling.