Anatomy of a Neuron
This is another name for the cell body
Soma
The potential that a neuron must reach for an action potential to be generated
Threshold or -55mv
This general kind of channel opens in response to the presence of a neurotransmitter
Ligand-gated ion channels
The two types of synapses
Chemical + Electrical
The junction between a synaptic terminal and another neuron
Synapse
The type of response an action potential is, because it occurs or it does not
All or nothing
This general kind of channel opens in response to change in the membrane potential
Voltage-gated ion channels
Chemical
Conducts impulses away from the cell body to another neuron, muscle or gland
Axon
Closed channels at resting state
Ion channels
This membrane protein uses ATP to restore concentration of Na+ and K+ to their "resting" levels
Sodium Potassium Pump
The most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
Receive stimuli and send signals to the cell body
Dendrites
The process in which the membrane potential returns to its resting state
A voltage-gated Na+ channel propagates the action potential by using this kind of feedback
This causes the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
Calcium
The insulating covers that axons of many neurons are surrounded by
Myelin Sheath
The level an axon depolarizes to in order to generate an action potential
Threshold or -55mv
When this ion crosses a membrane through specific channels, the membrane potential becomes more negative
Potassium
The 5 major groups of neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine, amino acids, neuropeptides, gases, and biogenic amines