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100
Which element has the highest melting point of all non-alloyed metals?
Tungsten (specifically 3,422 degree Celsius)
100
In biology, what is the name for the process by which a cell's nucleus divides into two identical nuclei?
Mitosis
100
Which planet in our solar system is the only one that rotates clockwise on its axis?
Venus
100
What is the only letter that does not appear on the Periodic Table of Elements?
J
100
Which empire was the largest contiguous land empire in history?
The Mongol Empire
200
What is the smallest country in the world by both area and population?
Vatican City
200
In which year did the Battle of Hastings take place?
1066
200
Who is the only person to have won a Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields (Physics and Chemistry)?
Marie Curie
200
What is the name of the fictional town in which Harper Lee’s "To Kill a Mockingbird" is set?
Maycomb, Alabama
200
Which 19th-century composer wrote the "Moonlight Sonata"?
Ludwig van Beethoven
300
In Japanese mythology, what kind of creature is a Tanuki?
A Japanese raccoon dog (often depicted as a shapeshifting trickster).
300
What is the name of the standard keyboard layout used in France?
AZERTY
300
How many hearts does an octopus have?
Three
300
Which economic term describes a period of high inflation combined with stagnant economic growth?
Stagflation
300
What is the official currency of Switzerland?
The Swiss Franc
400
What was the first country to recognize the independence of the United States in 1777?
Morocco (followed shortly by the Netherlands and France).
400
Which 14th-century ruler is often cited as the wealthiest individual in human history?
Mansa Musa (Emperor of the Mali Empire)
400
Before being renamed Istanbul in 1930, what was the official name of the city?
Constantinople.
400
Who was the last Tsar of Russia?
Nicholas II.
400
Which subatomic particle was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932?
The Neutron
500
What is the most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere?
Nitrogen (making up approximately 78%)
500
What does the acronym "LASER" actually stand for?
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
500
Which country is the only one in the world to have a non-rectangular national flag?
Nepal 
500
What is the name of the world's largest hot desert (excluding the polar deserts)?
The Sahara.
500
In which modern-day country would you find the ancient city of Petra?
Jordan