Anaxagoras
What is Anaxagoras' arché? Explain.
His arché was everything, he stated that "everything is in everything", and that the mixture is moved by mind ou Nous.
What is Empedocles' arché? What moves it?
His arché are the 4 roots (fire, air, earth, and water) and they are moved by love and hate.
What did Democritus think about atoms?
He thought that they were indivisible
who is this quote from
“Many fires burn below the surface.”
Empedocles
"Nothing exists except atoms and empty space; everything else is opinion." Which philosopher said that?
Democritus
The law of predominance states...
It states that material can be distinguished from each other by having different concentrations of "objects".
Ex: An apple has more apple than a door
Love___ the roots, while hate ___ the roots.
Love unites, and hate separates.
Who was Democritus' teacher?
Leucippus
Who is this quote from?
Do not trust all men, but trust men of worth; the former course is silly, the latter a mark of prudence
Democritus
What is the difference between a teleological principle and a mechanistic principle?
Teleological principle is when the existence and creation have a purpose, while in a mechanistic principle there is no purpose and everything happens for other physical causes.
Explain the phrase 'everything is in everything'.
It means that every object contains the characteristics of other objects. However, the principle of predominance separates them.
For Empedocles, where is life impossible?
It is impossible to live too close to love or hate. Therefore, there is not able to have life.
According to Democritus how do atoms form matters?
Atoms are always moving at random in empty space, they connect to each other to create matter.
Who said this:
“Mind is god and god is Mind”
Anaxagoras
How do Anaxagoras and Empedocles differ from the previous philosophers studied? Explain.
They differ because they are pluralists, meaning that they have more than one árche. Furthermore, material monists searched for one material that explained everything.
How does mind work for Anaxagoras?
It works as a force.
How did Empedocles explain change?
The four elements (fire, air, water, earth) are moved by love and hate, and because of these forces, they are always changing.
What are the objective properties of matter and subjective properties? What did he relate them to?
Objective properties: shape, size, motion and he related it to mind
Subjective properties: taste, smell, color, etc. He relates it to opinion
Who said this:
“Everything has a natural explanation. The moon is not a god but a great rock and the sun a hot rock.”
Anaxagoras
What is the teleological view, and which philosopher developed it?
The teleological view gives purpose and meaning to life. It is a much higher and specific force moving something. Empedocles and Anaxagoras used it.
Give one example of the law of predominance.
Answers may vary. Inside gold, there is a little bit of everything, such as hair, apple, blood, and others. But there is a higher concentration of gold.
"Hear first the four roots of all things: Shining Zeus [fire] and life-bringing Hera [air] and Aidoneus [earth] and Nestis [water] who with her tears moistens mortal Springs. (34=B6)" Explain this quote.
This quote explains Empedocles' pluralism, which are the four elements.
Where was Democritus born?
Greece (Abdera)
Who is this quote from:
“God is a circle whose center is everywhere, and its circumference nowhere. ”
Empedocles
What did the pluralists think of the Parmenides doctrine?
They believed that parmenides went to the edge of everything