ABGs
pH 7.28, PaCO2 52 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L
What is Uncompensated Respiratory Acidosis? (ROME: Respiratory Opposite: pH is low and PaCO2 is high; HCO3 is normal).
pH 7.51, PaCO2 29 mmHg, HCO3 23 mEq/L.
What is Uncompensated Respiratory Alkalosis? (ROME: Respiratory Opposite: pH is high and PaCO2 is low; HCO3 is normal).
pH 7.24, PaCO2 38 mmHg, HCO3 16 mEq/L
What is Uncompensated Metabolic Acidosis? (ROME: Metabolic Equal: pH is low and HCO3 is low; PaCO2 is normal).
pH 7.55, PaCO2 41 mmHg, HCO3 34 mEq/L.
What is Uncompensated Metabolic Alkalosis? (ROME: Metabolic Equal: pH is high and HCO3 is high; PaCO2 is normal).
These are two serious and common adverse effects of glucocorticoids that require the nurse to monitor the patient's skin integrity and capillary blood glucose levels.
What are delayed wound healing and hyperglycemia?
A client with severe COPD presents with lethargy and the following ABG results: pH 7.34, PaCO2 55 mmHg, and HCO3 30 mEq/L. Identify the specific imbalance and its compensation status using the ROME method.
What is Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated? (The pH and CO2 are opposite, indicating a respiratory problem, and the HCO3 is elevated to help, but the pH has not yet returned to normal)
pH 7.31, PaCO2 49 mmHg, HCO3 25 mEq/L
What is Uncompensated Respiratory Acidosis? (ROME: Respiratory Opposite: pH is low and PaCO2 is high; HCO3 is normal).
pH 7.48, PaCO2 31 mmHg, HCO3 25 mEq/L.
What is Uncompensated Respiratory Alkalosis? (ROME: Respiratory Opposite: pH is high and PaCO2 is low; HCO3 is normal).
pH 7.29, PaCO2 40 mmHg, HCO3 18 mEq/L
What is Uncompensated Metabolic Acidosis? (ROME: Metabolic Equal: pH is low and HCO3 is low; PaCO2 is normal).
pH 7.52, PaCO2 43 mmHg, HCO3 30 mEq/L.
What is Uncompensated Metabolic Alkalosis? (ROME: Metabolic Equal: pH is high and HCO3 is high; PaCO2 is normal).
These are three essential safety precautions a nurse must implement for a patient receiving oxygen therapy to prevent fire and injury.
What are posting "No Smoking" signs, checking for electrical sparks/hazards, and ensuring oxygen cylinders are secured?
This is the physiological reason why corticosteroid therapy must be gradually tapered rather than stopped abruptly, along with at least three symptoms of the resulting condition.
What is to prevent adrenal insufficiency? Symptoms include fever, malaise, fatigue, hypotension, and hypoglycemia.
pH 7.30, PaCO2 55 mmHg, HCO3 30 mEq/L.
What is Partially Compensated Respiratory Acidosis? (ROME: Respiratory Opposite: pH is low and PaCO2 is high; HCO3 is high, indicating the kidneys are retaining bicarbonate).
pH 7.53, PaCO2 25 mmHg, HCO3 18 mEq/L
What is Partially Compensated Respiratory Alkalosis? (ROME: Respiratory Opposite: pH is high and PaCO2 is low; HCO3 is low, indicating the kidneys are excreting bicarbonate).
pH 7.31, PaCO2 32 mmHg, HCO3 15 mEq/L.
What is Partially Compensated Metabolic Acidosis? (ROME: Metabolic Equal: pH is low and HCO3 is low; PaCO2 is low, indicating the lungs are blowing off CO2).
pH 7.49, PaCO2 49 mmHg, HCO3 32 mEq/L.
What is Partially Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis? (ROME: Metabolic Equal: pH is high and HCO3 is high; PaCO2 is high, indicating the lungs are retaining CO2)
This life-threatening condition, which can cause hypotension and dyspnea, may occur if a patient's corticosteroid therapy is stopped abruptly rather than being tapered.
What is adrenal insufficiency?
This specific class of insulin has an onset of 4 hours, reaches its peak between 4 and 12 hours, and has a total duration of 16 to 24 hours.
What is Intermediate-acting insulin?
A patient with a history of COPD presents to the emergency department with worsening shortness of breath and the following: pH 7.33, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3 28 mEq/L.
What is Partially Compensated Respiratory Acidosis? (ROME: Respiratory Opposite: pH is low and PaCO2 is high; HCO3 is high/moving to compensate).
A patient experiencing a severe panic attack in the emergency department exhibits signs of hyperventilation and the following labs: pH 7.49, PaCO2 28 mmHg, HCO3 20 mEq/L.
What is Partially Compensated Respiratory Alkalosis? (ROME: Respiratory Opposite: pH is high and PaCO2 is low; HCO3 is low/moving to compensate).
A patient with uncontrolled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus presents to the ER in suspected ketoacidosis with the following results: pH 7.34, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3 17 mEq/L.
What is Partially Compensated Metabolic Acidosis? (ROME: Metabolic Equal: pH is low and HCO3 is low; PaCO2 is low/moving to compensate)
A patient with persistent, severe vomiting for three days is admitted for dehydration and exhibits the following: pH 7.51, PaCO2 51 mmHg, HCO3 36 mEq/L.
What is Partially Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis? (ROME: Metabolic Equal: pH is high and HCO3 is high; PaCO2 is high/moving to compensate).
This specific mineralocorticoid is used to treat Addison's disease but requires the nurse to monitor for sodium accumulation and potassium depletion.
What is Fludrocortisone (Florinef)?
Identify at least four clinical manifestations of hypoxia that a nurse should look for during a physical assessment of a patient's oxygenation status.
What are apprehension/restlessness, cyanosis, decreased level of consciousness (LOC), and clubbing (other acceptable answers include dyspnea, increased BP, or vertigo).
A client with chronic obstructive lung disease is evaluated in the clinic for routine follow-up; they are stable but exhibit these values: pH 7.37, PaCO2 54 mmHg, HCO3 33 mEq/L.
What is Fully Compensated Respiratory Acidosis? (ROME: Respiratory Opposite: pH is within normal range but on the acidic side, while PaCO2 remains high).
A resident of a high-altitude mountain community is screened during a wellness visit and shows a long-term adaptation with these values: pH 7.43, PaCO2 26 mmHg, HCO3 19 mEq/L.
What is Fully Compensated Metabolic Acidosis? (ROME: Metabolic Equal: pH is within normal range but on the acidic side, while HCO3 remains low).
A patient receiving long-term nasogastric suctioning demonstrates these stabilized laboratory values during their morning assessment: pH 7.44, PaCO2 48 mmHg, HCO3 31 mEq/L.
What is Fully Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis? (ROME: Metabolic Equal: pH is within normal range but on the alkaline side, while HCO3 remains high).
This oxygen delivery device is the preferred choice for a patient requiring a very specific and precise concentration of oxygen, such as those with chronic lung disease
What is a Venturi mask?
In a fully compensated state, the pH is within the normal range of 7.35–7.45. Explain how to determine if the original imbalance was acidosis or alkalosis.
What is by using 7.40 as the absolute normal midpoint? A pH below 7.40 indicates the original problem was acidosis, while a pH above 7.40 indicates the original problem was alkalosis