Diagnosis Critera
What is crtieria H for PDD?
The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
What were the results of Study 3 from Chentsova et al., 2007?
hint: think of the bar graphs from slides
Deviation from Cultural Norms Hypothesis was confirmed for negative emotions
- depression was associated w increased emotional reactivity in cultures that emphasize emotional control, and a decrease in emotional reactivity in cultures that emphasize emotional depression
nondepressed- emotional inhibition in Asians compared to white
depressed- greater report of sadness in Asians compared to white
What are the common criteria used by psychologists to define abnormal behavior?
Violation of Social Norms
Cultural Definition of the problem
11. 1, 3, 5 and 6
Mood disorders are divided into ______ categories in the DSM-5
Mood disorders are divided into TWO categories in the DSM-5
What were the overarching revisions to the DSM-5?
extra credit: what were some of the big complaints against the DSM-5?
1. Multiaxial approach was taken away
2. Organizational structure changed to make it more dimensional
extra credit: sociopolitical factors are thought to have played into some of the changes; big push to have it biologically based despite their not being scientific evidence to support that; a looot of disorders added - trivialization of DSM/too much overlap makes it harder to differentiate between disorders
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What is criteria A for PDD?
Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, as indicated by either subjective account or observation by others, for at least 2 years
What were the findings from Adepnle et al., 2012's study?
hint: they were researching misdiagnoses among patients
They found that misdiagnosis of psychotic dissorders occur w. immigrant and refugee patients from all racial-ethnic backgrounds
surprising finding: patients misdiagnosed were not Black (history of Black clients being misdiagnosed as psychotic)
stats results: 49% of patients w psychotic disorders at take were converted to nonpsychotic disorders after cultural consultation services (CCS)
- 14% of PTSD cases were missed by the referring clinician
TAKE AWAY- culture can really impact a diagnosis which is why cultural consideration is FIRST in our vignettes
What are the subtypes of PDD?
1. Chronic MDD and Dysthymia
2. Pure Dysthymic Syndrome and Persistent MDE
3. Intermittent MDE with or without current episode
4. 1 and 2
5. 1 and 3
6. 2 and 3
7. All of the above
6. 2 and 3
with anxious distress
with mixed features
with melancholic features
with atypical features
with mood-congruent psychotic features
with mood-incongruent psychotic features
with catatonia
with peripartum onset
with seasonal pattern
*and specify severity, recurrent or single, partial or full remission
Discuss the DSM-5 changes for PDD
- Combined chronic major depressive disorder and the previous dysthymic disorder into this new category of persistent depressive disorder
What is Criteria C for MDD?
The episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or to another medical condition
What was a significant finding from Chu, Chi, Chen, & Leino (2014)?
Chu, Chi, Chen, & Leino (2014) found that approximately half of suicidal Asian Americans fall into a sociocultural subtype (e.g., discrimination, family conflict, medical/functional impairment) rather than a psychiatric subtype.
How long does research take to infiltrate practice?
3. 18-20 years
What percentage of Adults have had a mental illness in any one year?
extra credit: what is the lifetime prevalence of mental illness for adults?
extra credit 2 - what percentage LGBTQ+ Adults have had a mental illness in any one year?
3. 20%
extra credit 1 - lifetime prevalnce can be as high as 50% or more
extra credit 2 - higher for LGBTQ+ adults; 1 in 3 for LGB individuals and potentially higher for transgender individuals
Discuss the DSM-5 changes for MDE/MDD
- removal of "severe" in "with psychotic features" (indiv can have psychotic features without necessarily having a severe case of MDE/MDD)
- addition of "with anxiety distress" specifier
- removal of "chronic" specifier
-mixed specifier added to manic, hypomanic and depressive episodes to account for at least 3 manic symptoms
What is Criterion A for MDD?
Five (or more) of the followings symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure
What was the main focus of Blumenthal-Barby article?
hint: think about the DSM's
examined important issues that arose from DSM-5
- ethical/conceptual issues relating to expansion of psychiatric nosology (more disorders may lead to over-diagnosis, risk/costs associated, trivialization of concept of mental disorders)
- ethical/conceptual issues relating to move to 'degrees o severity' of mental disorders (concerts w communication and conceptual clarity/unifromity, what does it mean to have mild vs. moderate vs. severe of a disorder?, how will/should severity affect allocation of psychiatric services?)
What percentage of people with depression have mild cognitive impairments?
1. 5- 10%
2. 10-20%
3. 20-25%
4. 20-30%
4. 20-30%
CBT, Interpersonal Psychotherapy, Problem Solving Therapy
ones not discussed in detail; reminiscence therapy (for adults over 55 years old), short-term dynamic therapy
What were some of the changes of PMDD in DSM-5?
disorder was eliminated by DSM- III and then put into DSM-IV-TR and is now back in DSM-5
What is criteria B for MDD?
The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
What are the main findings from the Lopez (2000) cultural psychology article?
hint; think of culture diagrams
- Culture can no longer be treated as an independent factor or a factor to be controlled for
- continue to pay attention to other social forces (ex; class, poverty) that may shape peoples everyday lives
How old are young-old adults?
1. 55-64
2. 60-64
3. 65-74
4. 70-74
What are the 4 domains of Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) Assessment?
1. Cultural Definition of the Problem
2. Cultural Perceptions of Cause, Context, and support
3. Cultural factors affecting self-coping and past help-seeking
4. Cultural factors affective current help-seeking
What are the DSM-5 revisions related to culture?
- cultural formulation interview (CFI) added tp aid in the guidance of cultural assessment (focus is on cultural idioms of distress and cultural explanations or perceive cause)
- culture-bound syndrome are now termed "cultural syndrome"
- glossary of "cultural concepts of distress" in the appendix