Fluids
Most (2/3) of the body's water is found in this compartment.
What is the intracellular space?
What is a mineral salt?
What is "Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal"?
Calcium that is biologically active ("free").
What is 4.5 - 5.3mg/dL?
Shift fluid OUT of cells into ECV.
Daily fluctuations in a person's weight are mainly due to changes in this.
What is the amount of water retained or lost from the body?
Because of their charge, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are *THIS*, while bicarbonate is not.
What are cations (+ charge)?
This is the normal pH of the human body.
What is 7.35 - 7.45?
Magnesium
What is 1.5 - 2.5mEq/L?
This breathing pattern produces a PaCO2 greater than 45 mm Hg (elevated CO2), because less CO2 is exhaled than the cells produce.
What is hypoventilation?
____
As rate and depth of respiration decrease, less CO2 is exhaled
Recommended daily fluid intake for a healthy adult.
What is 2200 - 2700mL?
Na+ moves out of the cell, through the Na+ - K+ pump, via this process.
What is active transport?
*More sodium outside the cell than inside, so it is moving against the concentration gradient (uphill). ATP is necessary.
WNL range of PaCO2.
What is 35 - 45mmHg?
Potassium
What is 1.5 - 2.5mEq/L?
pH: 7.28
CO2: 50
HCO3-: 25
What is respiratory acidosis?
_______
ROME: pH is down, CO2 is up (respiratory opposite)
This hormone, secreted when the heart's walls stretch, is crucial in achieving fluid balance and directly opposes aldosterone.
What is atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?
Too little of this, the most abundant cation in the ECV, can lead to cerebral swelling and death, as it did in the water intoxication example.
What is Na+?
Hyponatremia can cause change in LOC and seizure.
The major buffer of the ECV: this compound picks up those super active H+ ions, reducing acidosis.
What is bicarbonate (HCO3-)?
Na+
What is 135 - 145mEq/L?
Excessive intake of sodium bicarbonate or prolonged vomiting may lead to this imbalance.
What is metabolic alkalosis?
____
Too much HCO3-, or too little HCl (hydrochloric acid)
When the fluid imbalance is in concentration, not just volume, it is called *this*
What is an osmolality imbalance?
*The body lost/gained JUST water, so Na+ is too high or too low. Remember, Na and H2O should move together.
This adverse drug reaction may occur in a patient taking thiazide diuretics and can lead to fatal dysrhythmias.
What is hypokalemia?
pH: 7.32
CO2:36
HCO3-: 20
What is metabolic acidosis?
pH: down, CO2: wnl, HCO3-: down
ROME: metabolic equal (both "down")
HCO3-
What is 22 - 26mEq/L?
*This* is the priority nursing diagnosis for a patient who has been vomiting and experiencing diarrhea for greater than 24hrs due to food poisoning. You assess poor skin turgor, low urine output, low BP, and dry mucous membranes. The patient reports thirst.
What is Deficient Fluid Volume?