Pediatric
Patho
Problems (complications)
Probability (risk factors)
Potpourri
100
Notched vermillion border, variably sized clefts that involve the alveolar ridge and dental anomalies
What is a cleft lip?
100
Minimum number of days for diarrhea to be considered "persistent."
What is 14?
100
Large volume, watery stools may cause this, which you will identify with poor skin turgor and low UOP.
What is dehydration / fluid imbalance?
100
Going on a cruise increases the risk of developing severe diarrhea caused by this viral pathogen.
What is norovirus?
100
Term for "large intestine."
What is the colon?
200
Assessment of newborn includes: inability to pass suction catheter, NG tube at birth; excessive oral secretions, coughing, choking, and respiratory distress; vomiting; abd distention
What is esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula?
200
Patients reporting large volume, watery stools with N/V before diarrhea begins typically have the infectious organism in the _______(UPPER GI TRACT / COLON)?
What is upper GI tract?
200
Formation of small pouches in the colon may occur as a complication of this, infrequent and difficult passage of hard stool.
BONUS: what are those pouches called?
What is constipation?
BONUS: What is diverticulosis?
200
Vegetarians rarely develop this condition which is associated with diets low in fiber - - > diverticula become inflammed
What is diverticulitis?
200
For IBD patients, loperimide should be used cautiously due to risk of this.
What is toxic mega colon?
300
Because of immature LESs, a mostly liquid diet, frequent feedings, and substantial time spent lying down, many infants under 6 months experience s/s of this.
What is GERD (would also accept acid reflux)?
300
Rome IV criteria and stool patterns are used to diagnose this.
What is IBS?
300
Acid-base imbalance commonly associated with diarrhea.
What is metabolic acidosis?
300
Patients with diverticulitis may require this:
What is a transverse colostomy?
300
C. diff is spore producing. What are 3 key infection control activities this requires?
Patient should be in isolation / private room.
Enteric precautions (or contact).
Wash hands with soap and water NOT hand sanitizer.
Sporicidal cleaning supplies for environmental team.
400
Inflammation and infection of the vermiform appendix, a small lymphoid, tubular, blind sac at the end of the cecum
What is appendicitis?
400
Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn's?
IBD with characteristics of usual age of onset occurring in two peaks, one teens-mid30s and one after age 60.
TRICK QUESTION!
What is BOTH ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease?
400
Sudden cessation of pain related to appendicitis may be an indication of this emergent complication.
What is perforation/rupture?
400
The KRAS gene increases risk for this cancer, therefore, colonoscopies should be started prior to age 45 for those patients.
What is colorectal cancer?
400
Med for constipation:
loperamide or lactulose?
What is lactulose?
___________________________________
- Loperamide: Slows intestinal motility so stool stays in the bowel longer, allowing more water absorption. Used to treat diarrhea. Can cause constipation if overused. Avoid in suspected infectious diarrhea with fever/bloody stool unless directed by a provider.
- Lactulose: Draws water into the colon to soften stool and stimulate bowel movements. Used to treat constipation and also to lower ammonia levels in hepatic encephalopathy. Can cause bloating, gas, and diarrhea. Misuse of laxatives can also cause constipation.
500
Finding associated with this pediatric emergency (image: currant jelly stool):
What is intussusception?
500
Hernia occurring in the groin canal
What is inguinal?
500
When this occurs, herniated tissue is compressed and blood supply is limited or eliminated; s/s of obstruction will result.
What is strangulation?
500
This is a genetic condition that leads to hundreds or even thousands of polyps forming int he colon during adolescence and early adulthood. These are precancerous.
What is familial adenomatous polyposis?
500
Fermentable, Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols should be limited for patients with this condition.
What is IBS? (would also accept IBD patients with symptoms during remission, but ALWAYS IBS patients)
_________
These are "FODMAP" foods! :-)