influential pain theories
This theory states that specific pain receptors and associated pain fibers send specific signals to pain centers in the brain
specificity theory
A-Delta fibers are fast conducting _____ fibers
as to
C-fibers are slow conduction _____ fibers
myelinated
nonmyelinated
Due to interneuron burnout, ______ can occur which is pain resulting from a stimulus that would not typically produce a pain experience
allodynia
What are the 2 initial behaviors in response to acute pain?
avoidance, confrontation
A patient comes in an reports chest pain, palpitations, SOB, upset stomach. The patient says this has happened before it is a type of anxiety disorder they have be Dx with. What anxiety disorder do they have?
panic disorder
This theory describes pain as an emotional response to a strong stimuli
intensity theory
According to the convergence theory, the interneuron will inhibit passage of information from what?
additional spinal segments
will only let messages from the dermatome and specific spinal segment in
what is peripheral neuropathic pain?
pain referred in dermatomal or cutaneous distribution
Gail's definition of negative reinforcement
alleviation of aversive state as a consequence of behavior
ex. reduced muscle stiffness after stretching
side effects of benzodiazepines used to treat anxiety disorders may include:
drowsiness, impaired coordination, decreased concentration, high risk for dependency
The gate control theory theorizes that pain and other sensory fibers transmit signals via what tract?
spinothalamic
How is feature extract made possible? AKA how can we identify what side of the body and body region we are being touched?
Convergence theory
Describe neurodynamic testing
incrementally add load to the nervous system while targeting a specific nerve or peripheral nervous system region
what setting is operant conditioning 'response cost' perhaps useful in?
pediatrics
What are 2 common eating disorders and their differences?
anorexia nervosa - excessive dieting, pathological fear of being fat, severe weight loss, distorted body image
bulimia nervosa - frequent episodes of binge eating including both eating large amounts of food and feeling out of control, followed by inapropriate compensation ie purging
Describe the pattern theory of pain
specific patterns of neural firing constitute pain signals
Locus Coeruleus (brain stem)
This treatment technique is meant to reduce large fluctuations in pain experience
graded exposure
to develop a new behavior, this principe can be used to reward successive steps in behavior
ex. a toddler getting closer to walking
successive approximation principle
A person taking a mood stabilizer for their bipolar disorder and they present with hand tremors, increased thirst, and increased urination, what medication may they be on?
lithium
A-beta fibers are responsible for detecting and relaying light touch (ex. clothes touching all day), the gate control theorizes that ____ stops this information from being passed to the brain
their main function is inhibition
this does NOT affect A-delta fibers and C fibers
interneurons
nerve compression has both local and systemic effects, nerve compression causes neurogenic inflammation. Neurogenic inflammation stimulates what type of response and causes what to happen to the axon?
Immune response that leads to demyelination (insertion of additional ion channels)
What causes abnormal impulse generating sites?
Demyelination, there is abnormal ion channel concentration that results in increased sensitivity and ability to generate impulses
can be due to nerve compression, mechanical stretch, blood flow
Which stages are most critical in the transtheoretical model?
precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
A patient with schizophrenia is taking anti-psychotics. The patient has repetitve, purposeless, involuntary movement, what extrapyramidal side effect might they be having
tardive dyskinesia