Fluid and Electrolytes
Symptoms include edema, elevated blood pressure, sudden weight gain, shortness of breath, crackles in the lungs, and jugular vein distension
What is fluid overload?
0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline) is this type of fluid
What is isotonic?
Intermittent/PRN locks can be flushed with one of these two solutions
What is normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) or diluted heparin?
This is how often the IV site should assessed during an infusion
What is every hour?
This is a response to the rapid infusion of fluids that can result in flushing, light headedness, headache, hypotension, loss of conscious, and cardiac arrest
What is speed shock?
This is the normal range for sodium
What is 135-145 mEq/L
When this fluid type is administered, fluid rushes out of the cells and into the vascular space causing cells to shrink
What are hypertonic fluids?
If there is an IV occlusion, these steps can be taken to clear the occlusion.
Flush the IV line, check for kinks, assess for infiltration, look for closed clamps, and reposition the extremity
Name the interventions for an IV infiltration
What is remove the IV and restart in the opposite extremity and treat per hospital policy
When we inspect the IV catheter after removal, we are checking to make sure this complication did not occur
What is a catheter embolism?
These conditions can lead to a fluid volume deficit
What is prolonged vomiting, large wounds with excessive drainage, burns, diaphoresis, diarrhea, and impaired swallowing?
This reason is why hypotonic fluids are contraindicated in patients with cerebral edema
What is the fluid will cause fluid to move out of the vascular space and into cells, causing them to swell thus potentially worsening cerebral edema and causing neurologic damage?
This type of tubing has a drop factor of 60 gtt/min
What is microdrop tubing?
Extravasation is likely to occur if this substance is infusing
What is a vesicant?
Patients with renal or heart disease are at increased risk for this complication
Circulatory overload
Excessive water intake can lead to this condition
What is hyponatremia (low sodium)
This fluid is given to treat hyperkalemia
What is dextrose 5% in water?
Define a secondary infusion and discuss the process of administration
What is an infusion of an intermittent medication diluted in 50+mL that is hung above the primary infusion, will infuse over the desired time, and then followed by the primary infusion to flush the medication to the patient?
Warmth, swelling, redness, and pain at the IV site can be a sign of this
What is phlebitis?
These are the steps for air embolus management
Place patient on left side and lower HOB, inspect system for a leak, notify provider, monitor VS frequently
These nursing interventions are beneficial to a patient with a fluid volume deficit?
What is administering IV fluids per order, encourage PO fluid intake, monitor BP/HR, monitor skin turgor, monitor pulses and perfusion, monitor urine output
A patient with significant fluid loss would need this type of fluid. Name one example.
What is an isotonic fluid, such as 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline), ringer's lactate, dextrose 5% in water, 5% Dextrose in 0.225% sodium chloride
(D5 1/4 Normal Saline)
These are the two filter sizes and indication examples (listed in PowerPoint)
What is 0.2 micron filter for low viscosity infusions such as amiodarone or pediatric strength TPN; what is 1.2 micron filter for highly viscous infusions such as lipids or albumin?
This is the definition of extravasation
What is the leakage of irritating medications into the tissues surrounding the vein leading to potential tissue damage, infection, or disfigurement?
This is the management for a catheter embolism
What is remove the IV catheter and measure/inspect, place a tourniquet high on the extremity, notify the provider, and obtain chest XR and prepare for removal