DEFINING THE REGION
This body of water defines the western edge of the Pacific Northwest.
What is the Pacific Ocean?
This type of forest ecosystem is common on the west side of the Cascades due to heavy precipitation.
What is coniferous forest?
Many tribal homelands align with this type of geographic system.
What are rivers and watersheds?
This phrase in treaties protected access to fishing sites.
What are “usual and accustomed grounds and stations”?
This inland city functions as a major distribution and service hub in eastern Washington.
What is Spokane?
This mountain range creates the major climate divide between wet west and dry east.
What is the Cascade Range?
This ecosystem dominates much of the Columbia Plateau.
What is steppe (or high desert)?
This river is central to fishing cultures across the region.
What is the Columbia River?
This action by the state included arresting fishermen and cutting nets.
What is enforcement of fishing regulations?
This city is closely tied to agricultural processing in central Washington.
What is Yakima?
This major river system ties together Washington and Oregon and helps structure the region.
What is the Columbia River?
These high-elevation environments are found at the tops of the Cascades.
What is alpine?
This concept refers to Native nations’ authority over their own land and governance.
What is sovereignty?
This court decision affirmed treaty fishing rights in 1974.
What is the Boldt Decision?
This three-city area—Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland—functions as a Columbia River hub for energy production, food processing, and scientific research.
What are the Tri-Cities?
This physical climate effect explains why eastern Washington is dry while the west is forested.
What is the rain shadow?
This type of boundary separates forested land from arid zones and helps define the region.
What is a climate transition zone?
This misunderstanding occurred when U.S. officials negotiated with one band or clan but treated it as agreement with an entire nation.
What is a misunderstanding of how tribes governed themselves?
Judge Boldt ruled tribes were entitled to this portion of harvestable fish.
What is up to 50 percent?
This regional flow system moves agricultural and energy products from rural areas through inland hubs to coastal ports and then to global markets.
What are east–west economic corridors?
A strong regional boundary must include both these two types of evidence.
What are physical and cultural (human) geography?
This landform helps determine where tribal homelands and watersheds align.
What is a watershed (or river basin)?
Tribal geography strengthens a regional definition of the Pacific Northwest because it shows this existed long before state borders.
What is a lived cultural region?
The court said a right to fish without protecting this made the treaty meaningless.
What is fish habitat (or sufficient fish populations)?
Rivers remain critical for this reason instead of relying only on trucks.
What is bulk transport efficiency (barge shipping of grain/fuel)?