Vocab
This is Strict Scrutiny:
What is a standard of judicial review for a challenged policy in which the court presumes the policy to be invalid unless the government can demonstrate a compelling interest to justify the policy?
Hold in isolation:
What is Sequester?
Certain number of spots reserved for minorities:
What is Racial Quota?
Nonreligious; not associated with any faith-based organization:
What is Secular?
This is slander:
What is false speech that damages a person’s reputation?
Process by which the Bill of Rights was extended to the states & localities:
What is Incorporation Doctrine?
Act of government prohibiting the use of publications or productions they find offensive or contrary to their own interests:
What is Censorship?
This is Disability:
What is a physical or mental condition that causes a person to have difficulty seeing, hearing, talking, walking or performing basic activities of daily living?
This is petition:
What is to request?
This is libel:
What is false written or published statements that damage a person’s reputation?
Process which the Supreme Court decided on a case-by-case basis which federal rights also applied to the states:
What is Selective Incorporation?
This is a graven image:
What is an idol or physical object of worship?
Define affirmative action,, then provide two examples of affirmative action in U.S. history:
What are:
Affirmative Action- policies that give preference to women or minorities for jobs, promotions, admission to schools, or other benefits, in order to make up for past or current discrimination.
The civil rights movement had its dramatic victories -- Brown v. Board of Education and the other cases striking down segregation, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 -- which helped advance the Constitution's promise of equal opportunity to all minorities and women?
An order by a judge barring the press from publishing certain types of information about a pending court case:
What is a Gag Order?
These are, "fighting words":
What are words spoken face-to-face that are likely to cause immediate violence?
This is Substantive Due Process:
What is the principle requiring that government action not unreasonably interfere with a fundamental or basic right?
Compare and contrast at least two differences between commercial speech & seditious speech. Provide examples of each:
What are:
Commercial Speech- Any speech which promotes at least some type of commerce.
Examples- Less protected under the First Amendment than other forms of speech.
Examples- Advertisements
Seditious Speech- Speech directed at the overthrow of the government.
Examples- Speech attacking basic institutions of government, including particular governmental leaders.
Examples- Has been criminalized under the Alien and Sedition Act?
How does the equal protection clause protect individual rights & limit the powers of government?
What is it ensures that laws must apply equally to all people who are in similar situations unless the state has a compelling reason; the government cannot draw unreasonable distinctions between different groups?
Compare and contrast at least two differences between pure speech & symbolic speech. Provide examples of each:
What are:
Pure speech is verbal expression.
Examples- Face-to-face communication, broadcast speech, or written publications
Symbolic speech is actions and symbols.
Examples- Wearing armbands or buttons, flag burning, wearing ribbons or certain colors of clothing?
Standard of judicial review that examines whether a legislature had a reasonable & not an arbitrary reason for enacting a particular statute:
What is Rational Basis?
Standard of judicial review that examines whether there is a close connection between the law or practice & its purpose; specifically laws that classify based on gender must serve an important government purpose:
What is substantial relationship?
In what six scenarios can free speech be limited?
What are:
“Fighting Words”
Obscenity
Commercial Speech (Some forms)
Defamation (Libel for slander)
Seditious Speech
Time, Place & Manner Regulations?
PG. 478 in your books showed the advancement of equal protection over the country's history. List at least two protections per issue:
What are:
Race
Brown v. Board of Education
Civil Rights Acts of 1964. 1968, 1974, 1988
Voting Rights Act of 1965
National Origin
Hernandez v. Texas
Plyler v. Doe
Gender
19th Amendment
Equal Pay of Act of 1963
Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964
Title IX of Education Amendments Act of 1972
Sexual Orientation
Some state & local laws
End of, “Don’t ask, don’t tell”, policy
Disability
Age of Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
American with Disabilities Act
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act?
Compare and contrast at least two protections of the establishment clause & free exercise clause. Provide examples of each:
What are:
The Free Exercise Clause recognizes our right to believe and practice our faith, or not, according to the dictates of conscience.
Example- Government provides too many services to churches (perhaps extra security for a church event), it risks violating the establishment clause.
The Establishment Clause bars the government from taking sides in religious disputes or favoring or disfavoring anyone based on religion or belief (or lack thereof)
Example- Engel v. Vitale (1962); Abington School District v. Schempp (1963)?
This is Prior Restraint:
What is censorship of information before it is published?