A single metrical foot in poetry with a 'slack-stressed' pattern.
What is an iamb?
100
Once considered the only legitimate method for studying English, this approach is characterized as a "rigidly scientific and historical study of the development of the English language from its origins to its present day."
What is philology?
100
Has been called the father of New Criticism.
Who is F.R. Leavis?
100
As a result of one of the earliest documents that argued for the civilizing effects of English literature, the inhabitants of this former British colony were introduced to the English way of life as a way of encouraging allegiance to Great Britain.
What is India?
100
This fourteenth-century Italian scholar and poet is considered the "father of the sonnet."
Who is Petrarch? (Francesco Petrarca)
200
This metrical foot has a "waltz beat"--stressed-slack-slack.
What is a dactyl?
200
In this approach, the reader's focus should be solely on the words on the page.
What is New Criticism?
200
With his colleague E.M.W. Tillyard, this critic wanted to "create a[n academic] subject that would study literature in English in its own right."
Who is I.A. Richards?
200
"Most people thought that literature in English was at best in imitation of this group of early texts, and at worst a pleasant diversion." Before English became an academic subject young men were taught to translate and appreciate the beauty of these texts.
What are "The Classics" (Greek and Roman literature)?
200
In the tradition of Petrarch, many English poets like Spenser and Wyatt wrote poems that attributed this attitude to the women addressed.
What is "cruel" or "unobtainable" lady?
300
This stanza form consists of four lines and was used by Shakespeare to divide his sonnets into three groups of four, and one couplet.
What is a quatrain?
300
A theory of literature that examines how men and women are represented in literature
What is feminist theory?
300
A school inspector and poet, this Victorian (nineteenth-century) critic thought that English literature "would make all men live in a culture of sweetness and light."
Who is Matthew Arnold?
300
At this prestigious British academic institution, several faculty members "came together, planned and went on to introduce radical innovations in their university's (mainly philological) English degree course."
What is Cambridge University?
300
This sixteenth-century English poet wrote a long series of sonnets he entitled "The Amoretti," devoted to his wife.
Who is Edmund Spenser?
400
This metrical pattern of five feet in a slack-stressed pattern is considered the most natural meter in English.
What is iambic pentameter?
400
In this approach, the critic examines the "interpretive communities" that frame the way that readers construct meaning from a literary text.
What is reader-oriented or reader-response theory?
400
Argues that the literary text is the product of a reader, who brings his or her expectations about what a text is and does to an interpretation.
Who is Stanley Fish?
400
This form of reading "involves the intense scrutiny of a piece of prose or poetry, concentrating on the words on the page and disregarding the text's context."
What is close reading?
400
This poet likens the pursuit of a woman to a hunt in his early sixteenth-century sonnet.
Who is Thomas Wyatt?
500
This five-line poem traditionally has the rhyme pattern "aabba."
What is a limerick?
500
This approach would examine how a literary text represents and influences society in its historical moment by looking at material conditions like labor and politics.
What is cultural materialism?
500
Author of the critical work _Practical Criticism,_ this scholar was among those who argued that literature "would restore a sense of humanity to the world in the face of rampant growth of technology and the 'machine age.'"
Who is I.A. Richards?
500
"In an influential book called _Theory of Literature_, Rene Wellek and Austin Warren" describe the core concern of these two approaches to literary texts.
What are "intrinsic" and "extrinsic" approaches?
500
Italian Renaissance sonnets are traditionally divided into two parts (8- and 6-lines) using these two technical terms.