Electoral Systems
This electoral system can have either open lists or closed lists
What is proportional representation
This Canadian province attempted and failed to implement electoral reform after systemic failures in 1997 and 2001
What is British Columbia
The chief executive and cabinet are subject to assembly confidence in this legislative system
What is parliamentarism
This phrase refers to the number of members to be elected in each electoral district
What is district magnitude (M)
This military action is the most common way democratic governments are toppled
What is a coup
Manufactured majorities are common in this electoral system used in the US, UK, Canada, and the Bahamas.
What is FPTP (AKA single member district plurality)
This country successfully transitioned from FPTP to MMP after systemic failures in its 1978 and 1981 elections
What is New Zealand
The chief executive and cabinet have origin and survival fully separate from the assembly in this type of democracy
What is presidentialism
A minimum percentage of the vote required for a party to win assembly seats is called this
What is a threshold
A formal agreement between parliamentary parties to jointly rule and share cabinet positions is this type of government
What is a coalition government
A favorite among comparative scholars, this mixed system has district-level representation and national proportionality
What is Mixed Member Proportional (MMP)
This famous Canadian politician abandoned his promise of electoral reform after his party won a large parliamentary majority in the 2015 nation election
Who is Justin Trudeau
This political scientist railed against the "perils of presidentialism"
Who is Juan Linz
The US Senate, whose members represent vastly different numbers of citizens, is an example of this
What is malapportionment
This kind of problem occurs when a group of individuals would benefit from a certain action, but the costs for each individual make it unlikely she will engage in the action
What is a collective action problem
This system is ranked choice voting where M>1
What is Single Transferable Vote (STV)
This state has 66 times more representation per person than California in the US Senate
What is Wyoming
This phrase refers to the separation of powers, and is one of the key benefits of strong presidential systems
What are checks and balances
The aggregate difference between the percentage of votes each party gets and the percentage of seats each party gets in the resulting legislature is called this
What is disproportionality
The 6 Senators from these three states represent one quarter of the US population
What are California, Texas, and New York
Japan uses this complex electoral system for its national elections
What is Mixed Member Majoritarian (MMM)
This electoral system was instituted for Chilean legislative elections following its re-democratization in 1990, and helped preserve the power of conservative political parties
What is the sistema binominal (AKA "binomial system")
In this semi-presidential system type, the prime minister and cabinet are dually accountable to the president and the assembly majority
What is a president-parliamentary system
This concept refers to how easy it is for new parties to emerge and win seats in an assembly
What is electoral permissiveness
This world leader thwarted a 2016 coup in part by facetiming with the public
Who is Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan