Draw
Identify and draw 3 nonpolar and 2 polar bonds using the atoms below.
H Cl C N F O
Nonpolar:
C-H, or H-H, or any atom with itself.
Polar:
C-(anything but C/H)
H-(anything but C/H)
Describe the difference between a nonpolar covalent bond and a polar covalent bond.
A nonpolar covalent bond is made up of atoms with similar or identical electronegativity. This makes them not have a dipole.
A polar covalent bond is made up of atoms with different electronegativities. This results in electron rich and electron poor zones, thus forming dipoles.
Explain what you see in the diagram below:
Label the + and - dipoles on the molecule below (vinegar).
Done on whiteboard :)
Describe one similarity and one difference between polar covalent and ionic bonds.
Similarity:
Both polar covalent and ionic bonds have positive and negative charges.
Difference:
Polar covalent bonds share electrons, while ionic bonds transfer electrons.
Use a real life example to show polar covalent bonds.
Use another real life example to show nonpolar covalent bonds.
Example
Polar covalent bond: Polar bears and penguins sharing ice cream, but the polar bear gets more.
On whiteboards :)
Draw glycerol on your whiteboard.
Highlight the polar covalent bonds and show ALL dipoles on glycerol.
Done on whiteboard :)
Explain how dipoles form in polar covalent bonds, and why they don't form in nonpolar covalent bonds.
HINT: Think electronegativity!
A dipole is an atom that has slightly more electrons or slightly fewer electrons. They only form because of differences in electronegativity:
Strong atom pulls in electrons a bit more
Medium atom loses electrons a bit more
Only polar covalent bonds have differences in electronegativity.
Explain why the CO2 molecule is nonpolar, even though it has polar bonds and dipoles.
Because CO2 contains polar bonds that point in opposite directions, the dipoles cancel each other out.
This makes the CO2 molecule nonpolar overall.