Show:
Rules of the Road and Causal Hurdles
Research Design
Theories, Hypotheses and Variables
Mystery Category
Research Design Encore
100
A set of shared assumptions and accepted theories that facilitates Normal Science
What is a Paradigm
100
This type of research has high internal validity, but low external validity.
What is an experiment?
100
The ___ ______ depends on the independent variable.
What is a dependent variable?
100
Ri=(BiPi)-Ci
What is the expected utility of voting?
100
If a researcher uses random assignment in an experiment we can be pretty sure that the difference between the treatment group and the control group is due to the treatment. For this reason experiments generally have strong _____ ______.
What is internal validity?
200
We should consider only _______ evidence
What is empirical?
200
The researcher uses real world data and does not control the values of the independent variable.
What is an observational study?
200
A tentative conjecture about the causes of some phenomenon of interest.
What is a theory?
200
Varies over time while the spatial unit remains the same.
What is a time series?
200
If you wanted to test a theory about the effect of ethnicity on voting behavior you could probably not use this type of research design.
What is an experiment?
300
The reason why X might cause Y
What is a causal mechanism?
300
Assigning participants to treatment groups in a way that controls for all possible confounding variables.
What is random assignment?
300
Two variables appear to be related until a third variable comes along.
What is a spurious relationship?
300
A state of research under an accepted paradigm
What is normal science?
300
Could it be that Y causes X?
What is reverse causality? (a causal hurdle)
400
In order for a theory to apply to a large populations, it can't be too specific.
What is generalizable
400
Selecting cases in a way that every possible case in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
What is random sampling?
400
This type of variable can be ranked, but the differences between levels may vary.
What is an ordinal variable?
400
When the results of an experiment do not apply beyond the experiment's setting, the experiment lacks this.
What is external validity?
400
The process of moving from abstract concepts at the theory stage to measured variables at the hypothesis stage
What is operationalization?
500
A statement about how the world should be.
What is a normative statement?
500
The case of the Challenger disaster shows us that case selection should never be based on the value of the ______ ________.
What is the dependent variable?
500
Because scientists are always willing to consider new evidence, a theory is never _____.
What is proven?
500
The process of moving from abstract concepts to measured variables.
What is operationalization?
500
An assumption in formal theory that individuals are always making choices based on what will provide the greatest benefit at the smallest cost.
What is utility maximization?