Bureaucracy and Institutions
An agency led by a single director instead of a bipartisan board is most likely part of this category of federal organization.
What are independent agencies?
A presidential candidate narrowly wins several states but gains a decisive electoral advantage due to this system.
What is the winner-take-all system?
When the press repeatedly emphasizes certain national issues, shaping what the public views as important, this effect is occurring.
What is agenda-setting?
Even without financial resources, a criminal defendant must be provided legal representation due to this constitutional guarantee.
What is the 6th Amendment?
A state rejects alliances and pursues its goals independently, illustrating this foreign policy approach.
What is unilateralism?
An organization like the FBI, operating within a larger executive department rather than independently, fits this classification.
What is a subagency?
A reform that ties voter registration to routine interactions with government services expanded access through this law.
What is the Motor Voter Act?
Coverage centered on a single person's experience with unemployment, rather than broader economic forces, reflects this type of framing.
What is episodic framing?
Passed after the Civil war, this amendment guarantees equal protection under the law.
What is the 14th Amendment?
The idea that the U.S. can justify military action to eliminate potential future threats is central to this doctrine.
What is the Bush Doctrine?
Requirements like staggered terms and partisan balance are intended to achieve this broader institutional goal.
What is insulation from political pressure and patronage?
A candidate polling just below this percentage nationally would likely be excluded from general election debates.
What is 15%?
When media coverage leads voters to evaluate leaders specifically on certain issues, this effect is at work.
What is priming?
Federal legislation that addressed discriminatory housing practices, including redlining, is this act.
What is the Civil Rights Act/Fair Housing Act of 1968?
The belief that the U.S. has a special responsibility to promote and protect its interests in the Western Hemisphere is rooted in this doctrine.
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
This 1883 law replaced patronage with a merit-based civil service.
What is the Pendleton Act?
This measure of voter turnout includes all people of voting age, while this measure includes only eligible citizens.
What are VAP (Voting Age Population) and VEP (Voting Eligible Population)?
Reporting that emphasizes long-term trends, structural causes, and policy contexts is an example of this framing style.
What is thematic framing?
The Supreme Court determined that "separate but equal" does not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment in this case. This later Supreme Court case overturned that decision.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education?
This crisis began when the United States discovered Soviet nuclear missiles stationed just 90 miles from its shores.
What is the Cuban Missile Crisis?
These were established during the first expansion of the bureaucracy (FDR's New Deal, 1930s), while these were established during the second (LBJ's Great Society, 1960s). (name at least one for each)
What are Social Security Administration, Securities and Exchange Commission, Federal Housing Administration?
What are Medicare, Medicaid, Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Department of Transportation?
The Electoral College was created to resolve debates over presidential selection; describe that compromise.
What is a compromise between direct election by the people and selection by Congress?
These are the most important agents of political socialization.
What are parents/family members?
Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation in these ways (list a minimum of three).
What is mandated racial segregation in public spaces such as schools, transportation, restrooms, and public accomodations; methods of disenfranchisement such as literacy tests, intimidation and violence, grandfather clause; redlining?
Critics of intervention and preemptive war often note that NATO's founding principle limits its role to conflicts involving this type of situation.