Police Behavior and...
Police misconduct is an act or omission that violates legal rules, but this is behavior that simply does not conform to the standards of norms or expectations.
What is police deviance?
This internal accountability mechanism is meant to force line-level supervisors to respond when patrol officers reach a certain incident threshold.
What are early warning systems?
This ethical perspective would be most closely related to COP, as the community values take precedence over the written law.
What is ethical relativism?
In order to accurately understand how often deadly force is utilized, these three data points must be measured.
What are death, injury, and non-injury?
This level of the use of force continuum assumes that visibility of officers is sufficient to deter some crimes.
What is mere presence?
Worden's typologies of officers includes this dimension, which is related to levels of cynicism.
What is their view of human nature?
This internal accountability mechanism may reduce frivolous complaints, but it also may be used to hinder legitimate complaints.
What are body worn cameras?
This ethical perspective put the moral worth on the results, so the ends justify the means.
What is ethical utilitarianism?
This number relies largely on crowdsourcing, and may be as must as 50% short, but it is the relatively-stable number of deaths in police custody each year.
What is ~1,000?
This type of force can include excessive force and brutality, but can also include the use of slurs.
What is extra-legal police aggression?
This universalistic perspective of police suggests that there is a "police personality" that is present either before employment or is shaped by the work.
What is the psychological perspective?
During an internal affairs investigation, there are a number of potential complaint outcomes. This outcome is the most common.
What is unsubstantiated?
This ethical perspective would be most closely associated with a legalistic style of policing.
What is ethical formalism?
Deadly force has this primary goal.
What is incapacitation?
When law/department policy say that an action is justifiable, but the community disagrees, this is considered a "conflict within the community" or this Type of conflict.
What is a Type 1 conflict?
In the Knapp Commission (1972), deviant officers were typified as meat-eaters and grass-eaters. Barker (1996) expanded the typology to include these, officers who are wholly honest themselves, but are willing to overlook some of the indiscretions of other officers.
Who are straight-shooters?
This external accountability mechanism has been limited in power by police, and over time tend to go "soft".
What are civilian review boards?
There are a number of factors that influence the use of deadly force. One category of factors are legal and policy changes. This particular rule was tightened, reducing the use of deadly force.
What is the fleeing-felon rule?
A Type 3 conflict is a conflict between norms, where officer behavior meets community expectation but does not conform to this.
What is law and department policy?
There are four categories of factor influence officers' use of discretion and potential for deviancy. The Mollen Commission argued that raising the minimum age for hire and more frequent beat rotations would address some individual factors and organizational factors. It would be more difficult to address these other two categories of factors.
What are neighborhood factors and situational factors?
Written directives are a type of internal accountability mechanism. One aspect of written directives is this, a general statement of purpose, useful in identifying the role and mission of police.
What is a goal?
This external accountability mechanism focuses on department policies and practices rather than a specific incident.
There are a number of factors that influence the use of deadly force. Gun density, poverty, and arrest rate would all be related to what category of factors?
What are environmental factors?
The many years where marijuana was illegal both federally and in the state of Michigan, but Ann Arbor police allowed a yearly "Hash Bash" to occur without enforcement of those laws represents this Type of conflict.
What is a Type 2 conflict?