This is used by police when the facts and circumstances within their knowledge and of which they have reasonable trustworthy information are sufficient to cause a person of reasonable caution to believe the person to be arrested is committing or has committed a crime.
What is Probable Cause
100
This was used to seize several marijuana plants observed in the fenced in backyard of Dirtbag's house. Officers observed the plants from the second story window of an adjacent house that they were legally occupying.
What is Plain View
100
This amendment of the U.S. Constitution applies to search and seizure.
What is the 4th Amendment
100
This is an evidentiary rule that requires the prosecutor to produce evidence that a crime has been committed before the prosecution can introduce the defendant's confession.
What is Corpus Delicti
100
The defense attorney must be present for this type of suspect identification.
What is Corporeal Line-up
200
This is commonly used to check Liquor licenses in bars.
What is Administrative Search
200
This is required to perform a search on a person you believe is armed.
What is Reasonable Suspicion
200
This phase of the juvenile proceeding is similar to Sentencing phase.
What is the Depositional Phase.
200
This rule allows police officers to file a civil suit against someone if they are injured while performing their duties.
What is the Fireman's Rule
200
This is a hearing for a juvenile which must be within 24 hours of detention, excluding Sundays or holidays.
What is a Preliminary Hearing
300
These are the three levels of contacts between police and citizens.
What is Information/voluntar; Investigatory detention; and Arrest
300
This must be found in the place searched before the search can be a violation of the 4th Amendment.
What is a reasonable expectation of privacy
300
This is required to conduct a search unless the search falls under one of the specifically stated exceptions.
What is a Search Warrant
300
This part of the government is responsible for making treaties; appointing federal judge; and enforcing laws.
What is the Executive Branch
300
Evidence gained by violating defendant's constitutional rights will not be admitted into evidence in a criminal proceeding based on this rule.
What is the Exclusionary Rule
400
This amendment requires police to announce their identity and purpose before attempting forcible entry into a dwelling.
What is the 4th Amendment
400
Police custodial interrogation requires this.
What is Miranda warnings
400
This is a limited check in conjuction with an in-home arrest when the searching officer possesses a reasonable belief based on articulable facts the the area may pose a danger.
What is a protective sweep
400
This defense applies even if probable cause is absent so long as the officer has a belief his actions are lawful.
What is the "Good Faith" defense.
400
This can happen if a child is at least 14 years old and committed a very serious offense such as murder.
What is Automatic Waiver
500
Officers may not enter any building without permission for purpose of making a warrantless arrest for this type of crime.
What is a Misdemeanor
500
Reasonable suspicion to believe a crime is afoot along with reasonable suspicion to believe a person is armed describes this.
What is Stop and Frisk "Terry Encounters"
500
These are the elements of a valid arrest.
What is Authority; Intent; Force; Custody; and Submission
500
This examines the government's power to deprive a person of life, liberty, or property regardless of the procedures followed by the government.
What is Procedural Due Process
500
This doctrine will cause evidence that was obtained after illegal governmental action to be excluded.
What is the "Fruit of the poisonous Tree" Doctrine