Washington Era & Cabinet
Hamilton & Federalists
Jefferson & Democratic‑Republicans
Key Events & Policies
Vocabulary
100
Who was the first president and chose a cabinet that included Jefferson and Hamilton?
George Washington
100
Who led the Treasury Department and favored a strong national government and a national bank?
Alexander Hamilton
100
Who served as Secretary of State and favored agrarianism and states' rights?
Thomas Jefferson
100
What was the 1794 uprising by western farmers against an excise tax on whiskey?
The Whiskey Rebellion
100
a broad interpretation of the Constitution, meaning that Congress has powers beyond those specifically given in the Constitution
loose construction
200
What simple title did Washington prefer instead of “Your Excellency”?
Mr. President
200
What clause in the Constitution did Hamilton cite to justify a national bank?
The Elastic Clause / the necessary and proper clause
200
What term describes Jefferson's interpretation that the Constitution should be followed exactly?
Strict construction
200
What series of four laws passed under Adams targeted immigrants and critics of the government
The Alien and Sedition Acts
200
to refuse to recognize a federal law. This action by a state is called nullification.
nullify
300
In his Farewell Address, Washington warned specifically about what political danger?
Foreign Relations, "Spirit of the Party"/Political Parties
300
What event led to the addition of the Twelth Amendment to the Constitution?
Election of 1800
300
Which nation did most Democratic‑Republicans support during the French Revolution?
France
300
What amendment (added 1804) changed how electors vote for president and vice president?
The Twelfth Amendment
300
a narrow interpretation of the Constitution, meaning that Congress has only those powers specifically given in the Constitution
strict construction 
400
Which two cabinet members became primary political rivals shaping early parties?
Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson
400
What economic institution did Hamilton help create in 1791 to stabilize currency and encourage commerce?
The Bank of the United States
400
Jefferson favored which kind of economy as the backbone of the nation?
An agricultural economy / farmin
400
What doctrine (promoted in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions) argued that states could declare federal laws void?
The States' Doctrine / nullification
400
George Washington’s parting message to the nation, given in 1796, in which he warned of threats to the nation’s future
Washington’s Farewell Address
500
Washington led federal troops to end what protest to assert national authority?
The Whiskey Rebellion
500
Explain Hamilton’s view of human nature and how it influenced his political stance
Hamilton thought people were often motivated by self-interest and could be unstable, so he believed a strong national government led by educated, wealthy leaders was needed to keep order and support business
500
Explain Jefferson’s view of human nature and how it influenced his political stance
Jefferson believed ordinary informed citizens could make good decisions and favored more power for state governments and more democratic participation, so he supported limited national government and policies that helped farmers.
500
Identify two consequences of the Alien and Sedition Acts for civil liberties and political life.
They limited free speech and press by criminalizing criticism of the government (Sedition Act); they extended residency requirements and allowed deportation of immigrants (Alien Acts); they increased party tension and led to state-level protests like the Virginia and Kentucky Resolution
500
statement of a formal decision agreed on by a group
resolution