one
When a neutral stimulus is associated with another stimulus that produces a response
What is classical conditioning?
Individuals make decisions based on rationally weighing costs and benefits to maximize utility.
What is Rational Choice Theory?
Observed and/or inferred entity that’s unique to the individual.
What is Personality?
Political behavior is a function of the person and the environment in which they find themselves.
What is Lewin's Formula?
A personality type with a strong id and superego and weak ego characterized by F-Scale traits
What is the authoritarian personality?
These are relatively stable over time, differ across individuals, and influence behavior.
What are Traits?
When there is a clear winner and a loser.
What is Zero-Sum Competition?
A theory that says our personality structures are unconscious.
What is the Psychodynamic Approach?
When anger is displaced onto an available and weaker group.
What is Scapegoating
When binding factors are greater than strain minus strain reduction.
What is obedience?
When people in subordinate groups unconsciously show preference for the dominant group.
What is Implicit Outgroup Favoritism?
A theory that says behavior is a result of what we observe and model what we see.
What is Social Learning Theory?
People who believe they are not in the majority, will conceal their opinions due to fear of isolation.
What is the Spiral of Silence?
A theory that claims that an important moment in political socialization happens from the ages of 18-25.
What is Impressionable Years Theory?
A theory about how we resolve cognitive dissonance when we receive new info about something we already have attitudes about.
What is Consistency Theory?
When increased interactions between in/out group members reduces negative stereotypes and prejudice.
What is the Contact Hypothesis?
When we want our own group to be better than and different from other groups.
What is Positive Group Distinctiveness?
A study that explored the impact of group pressure on individual judgment.
What is the Line Length Experiment?
Some uniformity of attitudes or behaviors amongst group members, caused by group pressure.
What is Conformity?
A physiological state that is experienced as pleasant or unpleasant.
What is affect?