Democratic principles
Elections where people can vote without pressure, all votes count equally, and multiple parties can compete openly.
Free, fair, multiparty elections
A belief in protecting individual rights, limiting government power, and ensuring democratic freedoms like free speech and association.
Political liberalism
The idea that all humans belong to a single global community with shared rights and duties.
Cosmopolitanism
Government power is intertwined with authority held by members and leaders within a particular religion.
Theocracy
IGG stands for?
Institutions of Global Governance
Governments are responsible for their actions and decisions, and must explain them to the public. If they fail, they can be removed through elections or other legal processes.
Accountability of the government to its people
Basic liberties every person should have, such as freedom of speech, religion, movement, and protection from torture or discrimination.
Human rights
A political style that pits 'the people' against a corrupt or out-of-touch elite.
Populism
The constitution or legislation effectively or explicitly reserves the right to govern for one political party (e.g. China.)
One party state
False information is deliberately disseminated to undermine democracy
Disinformation
An economic system that supports free markets, private property, and limited government interference in the economy.
Economic liberalism
Government decisions and processes should be open and clear so that citizens can understand and scrutinise them.
Transparency
Belief in one or more gods who influence the world and human affairs.
Theism
A political system with strong central power and limited personal or political freedoms.
Autocracy
the state-led debilitation or elimination of the political institutions sustaining an existing democracy
Democratic backsliding
Mechanisms like separation of powers, independent courts, and opposition parties prevent any branch or leader from becoming too powerful.
Checks on governmental power
Recognising that each state has the right to govern itself without interference from other states.
Respect for sovereignty
An extreme form of authoritarianism where the state controls nearly all aspects of life.
Totalitarianism
All power with an unelected head of state who is the King/Queen/Emperor.
Absolute monarchy
Which European leader is known for illiberal populism and control over media and courts?
Victor Orban
Citizens take part in political life — voting, joining parties, attending protests, or engaging in public debate — to influence government and protect democracy.
Active participation in the civic process
All citizens have the same political rights and are equal before the law — no one has special privileges based on status or wealth.
Political and legal equality
Centred on individual rights, freedom equality of opportunity, and the consent of the governed.
Liberalism
When the nation's army seizes control, often on the pretext of protecting the country from consequences of a political crisis (e.g. Myanmar.)
Military junta
IMF, UN, ICC, ICJ and WTO stand for?
International Monetary Fund, United Nations, International Criminal Court, International Court of Justice and World Trade Organisation