Political Parties
What president warned about Political Parties?
George Washington advised American citizens to view themselves as a cohesive unit and avoid political parties.
How do 3rd Party candidates affect an election?
Although they don't win they provide new ideas and party realignment (when a new party replaces the current ruling party)
How do Interest Groups change policies?
They use litigation (lawsuits), backing a candidate, advertise, etc.
What are the 3 types of Gerrymandering
Stacking: Ramming many voters of one party into a district to dilute their votes in other districts
Cracking: Tearing up dense pockets of party voters to dilute their vote in that district
Packing: Merging two districts of the same party to force incumbents to run against each other
Miranda v Arizona
Miranda Rights
5th Amendment: Right to remain silent.
What is the main difference between Politicals Parties and Interests Groups?
Unlike interest groups, political parties are inclusive, in that they are broad in values.
What is retrospective and prospective voting?
Retrospective Voting: choices that focus on past performance; Voters evaluate candidates on the strength of the economy.
Perspective Voting: focuses on the future behavior of a candidate.
What is an interest group?
Individuals who organize to influence the government's programs and policies.
What are the jobs of congress?
Making bills into laws
Oversite on activities of legislation
The president needs the advice and consent of congress
The power of impeachment
Mendez v Westminster
Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment
Create inferiority by separating schools by race.
What is a political party?
Organized groups that seek influence over the government by electing its members.
What is the difference between Primary Elections and General Elections?
Primary Elections are elections within parties that nominate one candidate for the general election.
General Elections are elections made up of candidates from each party that were decided in the primaries.
What is a collective good? How does this create a free-rider problem
Benefits, sought by groups, that are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers.
Free riders are created when there are a few people within a group who receive collective goods but never participate in acquiring the goods.
What is a bicameral legislature?
Bonus 50 pts: What are the chambers and how long are their terms?
Having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses
Congress two chambers:
House of Representatives- 2-year term
Senate- 6-year term
Loving v Virginia
14th amendment issue
Ban on interracial marriages
What makes up Political Parties?
State Parties
How is political activity a part of elections?
People vote for candidates, they advertise their campaigns, they support the candidate's ideas, etc.
What are direct-inside and indirect-outside lobbying?
Outside lobbying is bringing constituency pressure to bear on policymakers.
Inside lobbying is based on their own work, such as developing contacts with legislators and executives and providing information and policy proposals to key officials.
What is incumbency and what advantage does it give?
Holding a political office for which one is running.
It gives the person who already has a seat in office a leg up when running for reelection over a new candidate. This is because the public already see what the candidate is capable of.
Brewer v Williams
Christian burial speech
Violation against the 6th Amendment: self-incrimination
What was the first Political Party?
Federalist and Jeffersonian Republicans (Antifederalist)
Why are elections important to political parties?
If a political party cant get their members in office they do not get to implement their policies.
What are the differences between PACs and lobbyists?
Lobbyist: Strategy by which organized interests seek to influence the passage of legislation or other public policy by exerting direct pressure on members of legislature.
PACs: A private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns.
What are sociological representation and agency representation?
Sociological: Type of representation in which representatives have the same political background as their constituents. Provides good representation
Agency: Representation that takes place when constituents have the power to hire and fire their representatives. Incentivizes the representatives to provide good representation when their background differs.
Roe v Wade
Court held that a woman’s right to an abortion fell within the right to privacy protected by 14th amendment