Madison's Republic
This kind of bias can occur when different demographic groups participate in politics at different rates
Resource bias
This state has 67 times more representation per person than California in the US Senate
Wyoming
Per Mayhew, members of Congress are primarily motivated by this
Winning reelection
The 2000 and 2016 presidential elections were examples of something which has happened 5 times in US history
An electoral inversion
This member of the Supreme Court is currently the median (pivotal) justice
Brett Kavanaugh
Madison co-drafted this plan and unsuccessfully proposed it at the Constitutional Convention, whereby the House of Representatives would elect members of other branches
Virginia Plan
The process whereby the two parties polarized on race & civil rights
This spatial model combines legislator ideology and left-right policy positions to predict legislative policy outcomes
The pivotal politics model
While reelection rates remain high, this advantage is declining in congressional elections
The incumbency advantage
The Supreme Court increasingly issues rulings using this secretive process, rather than the traditional merits docket
The shadow docket
Bicameralism, federalism, and checks & balances all contribute to this bias in American policy-making
The status quo bias
In this theory of representation, business interest groups are represented more strongly than any other set of actors
This state is expected to lose the most House districts (5) after the 2030 census and reapportionment
California
Another word for the cognitive shortcuts that help voters behave "rationally" despite being ignorant about the candidates
Heuristics
The emergence of of this party in the 1820s signaled the end of the "Era of Good Feelings"
Democratic Party
Madison famously claims that if men were these, no government would be necessary
Angels
Eric Holder (fmr AG), Newt Gingrich (fmr Speaker), Lloyd Austin (SecDef), & Rex Tillerson (fmr SoS) are examples of this problem
The revolving door
This two-word phrase can describes when representatives do not act in the interests of the faction they represent
Agency loss
The act of voting for a presidential candidate from one party and a congressional candidate from another is an example of this
Split-ticket voting
In 1916, voters in New Jersey counties economically affected by this unusual event were less likely to vote to reelect Woodrow Wilson
Shark attacks
Madison proposed a constitutional amendment limiting House districts to this many constituents
30,000
This type of polarization refers to the increasing distrust and animosity between partisans
Affective polarization
This Senate leader ended the filibuster for all presidential nominees (except SCOTUS) in 2013
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.)
This Republican president "won" the 1876 election without winning the national popular vote by making a deal with southern Democrats to end Reconstruction
Rutherford B. Hayes
This Montana senator humiliated the director of the Indian Health Service (IHS) when he testified before Congress in 2017
Senator Jon Tester