Chapter 11
Who has the advantage in an election?
The incumbent
What is the bully pulpit?
A term that refers to the presidency as an office well suited to communicating directly with the public in order to advocate legislation
Provide an example of red tape
Red tape: Rules and other constraints that democracies demand that restrict bureaucrats’ behavior
Define original jurisdiction
The authority of a court to hear a case before any other court does
List 2 Benefits of Descriptive Representation
Possible answers... more laws that benefit underrepresented groups, setting an example, greater trust, etc.
Which article of the Constitution deals with the executive?
Article II
The system by which most appointments to the federal bureaucracy are made to ensure that government jobs are filled on the basis of merit and that employees are not fired for political reasons
Civil Service
An unwritten rule that requires at least four justices to agree that a case warrants consideration before it is reviewed by the US Supreme Court
Rule of four
If a representative enacts a law that their constituents have been advocating for and something they expressed concern about, is that representative acting as trustee or instructed delegate?
Instructed Delegate
The War Powers Resolution limited what power of the president?
The ability to engage troops in armed conflict without Congressional support
Police patrol oversight
Congressional oversight of a bureaucracy that is proactive and direct
A brief filed (with the permission of the court) by an individual or group that is not a party to a legal action but has an interest in it
Amicus curiae brief
How does a filibuster end?
Cloture (requires 60 senators)
The president’s chief of staff and closest advisors; coordinates the president’s schedule, press relations, and political strategy.
White House Office
Name 3 of the 15 Cabinet agencies
Multiple examples...
The Supreme Court ruled in Texas v Johnson that flag burning is symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment. What is the term for a ruling that future cases will usually use as an example?
Precedent
Who can be impeached and who has the authority to do so?
-President, VP, or other civil officers
-House of Representatives impeaches
In 1961, JFK established the Peace Corps unilaterally- there was no formal legislative process that created this agency. What is this an example of?
Executive order
What is the difference between operators, managers, and executives?
-Operators: Front-line bureaucrats who have the most direct contact with the daily work of their organization
-Managers: Mid-level bureaucrats who lead parts of government bureaucracies by overseeing programs, budgets, and personnel
-Executives: Top-level bureaucrats responsible for entire bureaucracies or major parts of them who make strategic decisions about the total collection of the organization’s programs, financial resources, organizational arrangements, and personnel
Traditionally, senators’ influence is greater for appointments to the district courts than for appointments to the courts of appeals. This practice forces presidents to share the nomination power with members of the Senate. The Senate will not confirm a nominee who is opposed by the senior senator from the nominee’s state if that senator is a member of the president’s party. What is this called?
Senatorial courtesy