Realism
True or False: Realists consider individuals to be the most important actors in international relations.
False (states are the main actors for realists)
True or False: Liberals believe cooperation is possible despite the anarchy that exists in the international system.
True
What 1648 treaty established the current idea of the "nation-state" system?
Treaty of Westphalia
The following is a definition of what type of actor in IR? "A political unit with laws and institutions that establish authority within a specific territory and people."
States
________ is the concept of supreme authority over a territory and people.
sovereignty (states are considered to be sovereign in IR)
Realists focus on power in international relations. What type of power do they think is the most important?
Military Power/Hard Power
What President is most famous for advancing liberal international policy following World War I?
President Woodrow Wilson
Which political scientist declared the "end of history" following the collapse of the Soviet Union?
Francis Fukuyama
What does IGO stand for in international relations? Give one example of an IGO.
Intergovernmental organization
Examples: UN, EU, OPEC, OAS, ASEAN, AU, ECOWAS, etc.
What are the four scientific levels of analysis in political science?
Global, Interstate, Domestic, Individual
Name two historical realist figures.
Thuchydides, Sun Tzu, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Waltz, Morgenthau, etc.
Name two historical liberal figures.
Locke, Smith, Kant, Mazzini, John Stuart Mill etc.
The end of World War II, and the beginning of the Cold War, signaled that the world was transitioning from a ____-polar world, to a ____-polar world.
From a multi-polar world, to a bi-polar world
What is the difference between a nation and a state in international relations?
State = political unit
Nation = group of people
Explain the concept of Hegemonic Stability Theory.
The idea that international peace is more likely if there is one dominant state above all the rest.
What does it mean that a realist considers a state to be a unitary actor/black box?
The idea that internal, domestic politics within a state don't influence that state's foreign policy.
Explain the concept of interdependence. Why might this promote peace between countries?
The idea that states need to trade with one another in order to achieve economic gains.
Conducive to peace; brings people and state together; helps “rationalize citizens”
What is the name of the policy that Great Britain first employed with Hitler prior to World War II in an attempt to preserve peace?
Appeasement (1938 Munich Agreement)
What does NGO stand for? Give two examples of NGOs.
Amnesty International, Oxfam, Greenpeace, Rotary International, foundations, some religious organizations, etc.
Explain the difference between relative gains versus absolute gains. Which theory (realist/liberal) is concerned with which type of gains?
Realist - Relative
Liberal - Absolute
What are at least three assumptions of realism?
states = main actor, states are unitary, military power is supreme, idea of anarchy, states are rational, etc.
What are the three components of the Kantian Triangle for peace?
democracy (democracies typically don't fight each other)
economic interdependence (when states trade, they are less likely to fight each other)
international institutions (institutions help provide rules so that states can cooperate)
What was the one time that Article 5 of the NATO Treaty was invoked?
After 9/11 (collective security clause - don't have to say this to get points though)
What is a TAN in international relations? Provide an example of one.
TANs are transnational advocacy networks which are "networks of advocates" aimed at solving some global issue.
Center for Individual Rights, EarthRights International, International Women's Tribune Center
What is the primary distinction between genocide and ethnic cleansing in international law?
Genocide Convention definition
Genocide Convention specifically says INTENTION to exterminate a specific group people. Ethnic cleansing involves forcing a group of people out of an area.