Personality Disorder
What defines a personality disorder?
An enduring, inflexible pattern of thoughts/behavior causing distress or impairment, starting by early adulthood.
What are signs of ADHD?
Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity (e.g., fidgeting, blurting, losing items).
What are 4 major PTSD symptom clusters?
Intrusion, avoidance, negative alterations in mood/cognition, hyperarousal.
What part of the brain is associated with addiction?
Nucleus accumbens.
What’s the difference between anorexia and bulimia?
Anorexia = significantly underweight with restriction; Bulimia = normal weight, binge/purge cycles.
What cluster includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders?
Cluster A – odd or eccentric behaviors.
What might conduct disorder develop into in adulthood?
Antisocial Personality Disorder.
What is dissociation?
A disruption in memory, identity, consciousness, or perception of the environment.
What does CAGE stand for?
Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener.
What are symptoms of refeeding syndrome?
Hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, CHF, edema, seizures.
Which personality disorder matches the Madonna song hint and is linked to splitting?
Borderline Personality Disorder (Madonna song: “Borderline”).
What are common characteristics of autism spectrum disorder?
Deficits in social communication, repetitive behaviors, sensory sensitivity.
What is the cause (etiology) of dissociative identity disorder?
Chronic, repeated childhood trauma (especially abuse).
Signs of alcohol withdrawal within 24–48 hours?
Tremors, anxiety, insomnia, nausea, irritability.
What is illness anxiety disorder?
Preoccupation with having a serious illness despite little or no symptoms.
What is a hallmark symptom of borderline personality disorder?
Instability in relationships, impulsivity, splitting, fear of abandonment, self-harm.
What pharmacologic treatment might help aggression in autism?
Atypical antipsychotics like risperidone or aripiprazole.
Name the dissociative disorders.
Dissociative identity disorder, dissociative amnesia, depersonalization/derealization disorder.
What are signs of delirium tremens?
Delirium, hallucinations, fever, disorientation, seizures (medical emergency).
What is conversion disorder?
Unconscious conversion of psychological stress into neurological symptoms like paralysis.
What are defense mechanisms used by Cluster B disorders?
Borderline – splitting/regression; Narcissistic – rationalization; Histrionic – somatization; Antisocial – acting out.
What are red flags for child abuse?
Injuries in various healing stages, inconsistent stories, fearful of caregivers, extreme withdrawal.
What is a secondary gain?
When someone benefits from being ill (e.g., attention, avoiding responsibilities).
What would it mean if someone with a lower BAC appears more intoxicated than someone with a higher BAC?
They have lower tolerance to alcohol.
What is factitious disorder?
Faking or inducing illness with no external rewards (e.g., doing it just for attention).