Conformation
Name and describe 2 neck conformation faults
Set high/low, eye neck, bull neck
What is long slow distance work and what is the benefit?
Walking the horse for hours or miles to develop a base of fitness
Impaction, gas, twisted intestine
What is the difference between a snaffle and a leverage bit?
Snaffle bits have direct pressure, leverage bits amplify pressure
What is a roughage and what is a concentrate?
Roughage is hay and concentrates are grains or commercial feeds with high calories/lbs
Name and describe 2 back confirmation faults
Long/short, sway, roach
What is the benefit of hill work?
Building muscle in the hind end
Describe 2 ways to prevent the spread of communicable (contagious) diseases in horses
Keep horses separated, vaccination, monitor for disease symptoms
What is the benefit of a full cheek snaffle? (vs an eggbut or loose ring)
Name 3 basic rules of feeding
Feed little and often, hay more than grain, water at all times, salt at all times, etc
Name and describe 3 front leg conformation faults
Toed in/out, knock kneed, bench kneed, over at the knee, back at the knee, base wide, base narrow, camped out, camped under
What are normal ranges of TPR at rest?
Temp 99.5-101.5
Resp 8-15
Pulse 28-44
Describe 3 symptoms that would make you contact a veterinarian to treat an injury or illness instead of doing it yourself at home. What makes a major vs a minor injury?
Puncture wounds, significant bleeding, injuries to eye or joints, colic, lameness, high fever, etc
What is the difference between a loose ring and eggbut snaffle?
Loose ring has pre-signal and is harder to hang on. Eggbut is more stable in the mouth
What is the difference between an easy keeper and a hard keeper?
Easy keepers gain and maintain weight on very little food, hard keepers struggle to maintain weight without larger quantities of food
Name and describe 3 hind leg conformation faults
What is the heart rate of a horse during strenuous work?
150-250bpm
What is a splint and how might it be caused?
Hard bony lump on the splint bone, often due to a horse interfering with the opposite leg
What do copper, German steel and sweet iron do vs a standard stainless steel mouthpiece
Increase salivation which increases relaxation
How much hay does a horse need per day in a percentage of their body weight
1.5-2 or 3%
What angle should a horses shoulders and pasterns be, and what are the two faults of the shoulder and pastern?
45 degrees, too steep/upright and too long and sloping
Intervals of time trotting or galloping at speed with rest inbetween to build fitness. Useful for conditioning for upper level eventing
What is a coggins test? When is one required?
Test for equine infectious anemia required for crossing state lines
How do you fit a curb chain?
2 fingers and no more than 45 degrees of rotation
How do you identify good quality vs poor quality hay?
No mold, dust, weird odors. Fresh and sweet smelling, green, leafy soft