Weather Information
VFR Cross Country / Flight Planning
Human Factors
Night Preparation
Aeronautical Decision Making
100

What are the standard temperature and pressure values for sea level?

Temperature: 15C or 59F

Pressure: 29.92" Hg or 1013.2 mb

100

Stage 1 Scenario:

Stage 2 Scenario:

End of Course Scenario:

Scenario: 1 passenger @ 120lbs and 5lbs of baggage – VFR flight (KDAB -> KCRG)

1 passenger @ 150lbs and 15lbs of baggage – VFR flight (KDAB -> KSRQ)

1 passenger @ 165lbs and 15lbs of luggage – VFR flight (KRNO -> KBAM)

Consider everything from chart usage, aeronautical data, performance, etc.

• This scenario is meant to find a catch, so be very precise and heads up with your numbers,

your analysis, and your reasonings.

100

What are the body systems that are used to find our orientation and movement in space?

Vestibular – The inner ear system composed of 3 semicircular hollows but fluid filled canals

arranged in the pitch, roll, and yaw axes. This endolymph fluid inside the canals moves when the

head or body moves and displaces tiny hair cells that stimulate nerve impulses. These signals are

then sent to the brain and interpreted as motion.

Somatosensory – The nerves in our skin cells. This is basically “flying by the seat of your pants”

or the sensations of motion that we feel in our bodies from acceleration or turning. Like when

sitting in an airline and the takeoff roll begins.

Visual – Our Eyes. Light from the sun is constantly being reflected by everything on Earth. This

light enters the eyeball through the cornea, travels through the lens and falls on the photoreceptors

of the retina. The two kinds of photoreceptors are rods and cones. Rods are used for night and

peripheral vision while cones are used to sense color.

100

When can you log nighttime?

When can you log night currency for landings?


End of evening civil twilight to the beginning of morning civil twilight.

Sun is 6 degrees or more below the horizon.

“Around” 30 minutes after sunset and 30 minutes before sunrise.

One hour before sunrise, one hour after sunset.

100

What is the definition of ADM?

A systematic approach to risk assessment and stress management. The two defining elements of ADM are

hazard and risk.

200

Looking at the surface analysis chart, what are isobars?

Connected lines of equal pressure.

The black drawn out lines that almost look like a pen are the isobars.

200

What the right-of-way rules are as applied to the different categories of aircraft?

Emergency - Aircraft in distress have priority

Balloon

Glider

Aircraft refueling Airship

Rotorcraft or airplane

200

What is hypoxia and what are the different types?

Hypoxia is a state of oxygen deficiency in the body. There are four different types to know.

Lung: Hypoxic Hypoxia

Blood: Hypemic

Cell: Histotoxic

Transport: Stagnant

200

What equipment is required at night?

Fuses / Circuit Breakers

Landing Light (One electric)(if for hire)

Anti-Collision Lights

Position Lights

Source of Electrical Energy for Installed Electrical and Radio Equipment

200

What are some of the ways we can mitigate risk? IMSAFE PAVE

Illness – Am I sick?

Medication – Am I taking any medication? If so, have I discussed with my AME if it is safe for flight?

Stress – Am I under psychological stress? School/Work? Money? Health? Family/Social life?

Alcohol – Have I been drinking within the previous 8 hours? Am I still experiencing the effect of alcohol?

Fatigue – Have I gotten adequate rest?

Eating – Am I hungry?

Pilot – Am I ready for this trip (IMSAFE)? Are my certificates/ratings current? Am I proficient?

Aircraft – Is the airplane airworthy (AVIATES)? Does it have all of the required documentation

(ARROW)? Is it equipped for the intended operation (ATOMATOFLAMES/FLAPS)? Can it carry the

intended passengers/load (weight and balance/fuel)? Performance characteristics?

enVironment – (NWKRAFT)

External pressures – Are my passengers/employer urging me to get somewhere? Do I have stress

influencing my life?

300

Discuss the types of fog. Advection, Radiation, Upslope, Precipitation-Induced

Advection: moist warm air moves over colder land or water; requires >15 kts of wind

Like San Fransisco

Radiation: forms on clear nights with little or no wind and only over land

Seen in Florida all the time

Upslope: moist unstable air is cooled as wind pushes it up a slope

In the Rockies it is common

Precipitation Induced / Steam: warm rain falls through cool air. Evaporation from the rain saturates

the cool air and fog forms. Or with ponds / lakes, the warm water evaporates trying to warm the

cool air.

300

Define Minimum Safe Altitude.

Minimum safe altitude over congested area?

In areas other than congested areas?

A minimum safe altitude is one that allows for an emergency landing without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface.

1000' above highest obstacle within 2000'

500' above the surface or in sparsely populated areas such as open water: 500' away from any

vessel, person, or structure

300

What are the in-flight illusions? ICEFLAGS

Inversion – Abrupt change in altitude creates the illusion of tumbling backwards

Coriolis – Rapid head movement causes the illusion of accelerating or turning

Elevator – An updraft causes the pilot to think that aircraft is in a climb. Pilot reacts by forcing the

nose down inducing a dive.

False Horizon – Sloping cloud formations or obscured horizons confuse the pilot into misaligning

with the horizon.


Leans – Abrupt recovery from a roll can mislead pilot into thinking aircraft is in a turn in the

opposite direction.

Autokinesis – At night, stationary lights may appear to be in motion. Pilot may lose control of

aircraft trying to align it with “moving” light.

Graveyard Spiral – In a prolonged constant rate turn, sensation of the turn is not felt. In recovery

to straight and level, the pilot may sense a turn in the opposite direction and pull back on the yoke,

only tightening the spiral.

Somatogravic – Rapid acceleration causes the illusion of the being in a nose up attitude. Rapid

deceleration will have the opposite effect.

300

What would you consider when going on a night flight?

Bring a RED and WHITE flashlight.

- For preflight you need a white light to see colored fluids.

- For inside the cabin you need red to maintain night vision.

300

What are the 5 Ps

Pilot – physical fitness, currency, and proficiency

Passengers – Are they fit to fly? Are they comfortable flying?

Plane – Airworthiness and documentation

Programming – Are you proficient using the avionics? Are the GPS databases up to date?

Plan - (NWKRAFT)

400

How do surface winds flow in relationship to isobars? Why? Winds aloft?

At the surface winds flow at an angle to the isobars because of surface friction.

Aloft, winds from more or less parallel because of the Coriolis force.

• KNOW Coriolis force for the northern hemisphere.

400

What do you do if you become lost in-flight? 5 Cs

Climb – obtain a better view of your surroundings

Circle – do not become more lost; stay in one spot

Conserve – lean your mixture and save fuel

Communicate – contact an FSS or an air traffic controller

Confess – do not be afraid to admit that you are lost. They are there to help you!

400

What are the symptoms of hypoxia?

Poor judgement, memory, alertness, visual acuity and coordination. Sensation of euphoria or

sometimes even belligerence can occur (a macho attitude). Other symptoms include, dizziness,

headache, drowsiness and cyanosis (blue coloration of lips and fingernails).

400

How will you scan for traffic at night?

Offset scan so that we can optimize our peripheral vision and not look directly at traffic. We will struggle to see

points if we look right at it because our cones are denser in the center of the eye.

400

What are the hazardous attitudes and their antidotes?


  • Anti-authorityThe attitude that "the rules don't apply to me". The antidote is to follow the rules, as they are usually right. 



  • ImpulsivityThe attitude that "do something quickly!". The antidote is to not so fast, think first. 



  • InvulnerabilityThe attitude that "it won't happen to me". The antidote is it could happen to me. 



  • MachoThe attitude that "I can do it". The antidote is taking chances is foolish. 



  • ResignationThe attitude of giving up easily when faced with a challenge. The antidote is "I'm not helpless, I can make a difference". 



500

Describe FROM, BECMG, TEMPO, PROB, on a TAF?

FROM – Rapid change occurring within 1 hour

BECMG – Gradual change to take place over the course of 1 hour

TEMPO – Between the predicted period, this weather will only occur for less than an hour

PROB – number placed afterwards is the probability of the weather forecasted to occur

500

What preflight action is required by the FARs?

NOTAMS

Weather

Known ATC delays

Runway Lengths

Alternates

Fuel

Takeoff and Landing Distances

500

What are the runway illusions?

Runway illusions can occur when a pilot's perception of the environment is altered by conditions, which can lead to spatial disorientation

500

When are navigation lights required?

Sunset to sunrise (Riddle always requires them)

500

Who loves you with all his heart

Your amazing boyfriend does. I love you my love!!!!!!