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Populations
Microevolution
Macroevolution
Natural selection
Miscellaneous
H&W
100
The sum of all of the alleles for a particular gene trait in a population
What is a gene pool
100
Mechanism of microevolution that consistently generates change in allele frequency that leads to the evolution of a population that is better adapted to the environment.
What is Natural Selection
100

This has an emphasis on quantitative characters, this is the study of genetic variation within a population. 

What is population genetics. 

100
A form of natural selection in which organisms at one end of the bell shaped curve demonstrate greater fitness.
What directional selection.
100
This is a type of genetic drift that greatly decreases genetic variation within a population. This is often done to reinforce certain phenotypic traits in dogs.
What is inbreeding.
100

What does the p represent? 

That is the dominate allele frequency.  (B)

200
Defined as change in allele frequency in a population over time. An example would be the change observed in the English peppered moth as a result of the Industrial Revolution.
What is microevolution
200
Change in allele frequency when individuals move into or out of a population.
What is Gene Flow
200

A group of the same species living in an common area.

What is population. 

200
Bright coloration in birds favors mate selection but also increases the risk of predation. Over time, birds with average coloration demonstrate greater fitness. This is an example of __________.
What is stabilizing selection.
200
In Hardy and Weinberg, this represents the equation for allele frequency. Define the terms.
What is p + q = 1, p is the frequency of the dominant allele while q is the frequency of the recessive allele.
200

What does the p2 represent in the equation?

What is the Homozygous Dominate genotype frequency. 

300
Occurs when allele frequency remains constant in a population from one generation to the next. This can only occur when mating within the population is ____________.
What is genetic equilibrium that can only occur when mating is completely random.
300
Microevolution that occurs when new alleles are introduced into a population as a result of change in the genetic code.
What is Mutation.
300

One species may split into 2 or more species, Requires very long periods of time.  Formation of new species

What is Speciation

300
This type of selection occurred when the industrial revolution favored the dark winged phenotype of the English Peppered Moth.
What is directional selection.
300
Evolution occurs within ________________; individual organisms do not evolve.
What is populations.
300

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation for the genotype frequencies? 

what is p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.0

400
According to Hardy and Weinberg equations, this represents the frequency of the dominant allele while this represents the frequency of the recessive genotype.
What is (p) for the frequency of the dominant allele and (q2) for the frequency of the recessive genotype.
400
A random or chance event that results in the a change in allele frequency which has its greatest effect on small populations.
What is Genetic Drift
400

TODAY’S theory on evolution. Recognizes that GENES are responsible for the inheritance of characteristics. Recognizes that POPULATIONS, not individuals, evolve due to natural selection & genetic drift. Recognizes that SPECIATION usually is due to the gradual accumulation of small genetic changes

DAILY DOUBLE

What is the Modern Synthesis Theory. 

400
A form of selection in which individuals with an average phenotype have less fitness than individuals with either extreme form of the trait.
What is disruptive selection.
400
These are the five forces of genetic change which could not occur if a population were to remain in genetic equilibrium.
What are natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, mutation and non-random mating.
400

A population of 150 individuals has an allele frequency of 0.3 for the dominant allele (B) and a frequency of 0.7 for the recessive allele (b). Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to determine the frequency of the genotype (bb).

What is .49?

500
Loss of genetic variation that occurs in a new population established by a small number of organisms from an original population.
What is The Founder Effect.
500
Another term for a form of microevolution know as sexual selection.
What is non-random mating.
500

Maintains both alleles (A,a) instead of removing less successful alleles from a population, favors the heterozygotes.  Explain the heterozygote advantage of Sickle Cell Anemia. 

> Homozygotes exhibit severe anemia, have abnormal blood cell shape, and usually die before reproductive age.

> Heterozygotes are less susceptible to malaria

500
These two patterns of selection change the shape of the normal bell shaped curve but the overall mean or average remains the same.
What are stabilizing and disruptive selection.
500
If 4 percent of a population is albino (albinism is a recessive trait), what percent of the population would be homozygous dominant?
What is 64%. 4% or 0.04 is q2. Taking the square root. of 0.04 would produce q = 0.2. Since p + q = 1, p equals 1 - 0.2 = 0.8. The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in a population is p2. 0.8 x 0.8 = 0.64 or 64%.
500

Determine the expected numbers of organisms with genotype Bb if the frequencies are as follows in a population with a total size of 150: f(BB)=0.16, f(Bb)=0.48, and f(bb)=0.36.

What is 72?