Mechanisms for Evolution
This type of evolution occurs when organisms with favourable traits survive and reproduce.
What is natural selection?
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1, what does q² represent?
What is the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype?
What type of adaptation involves a physical feature like the thick fur of an Arctic fox?
What is a structural adaptation?
What is a physiological adaptation?
Who is Charles Darwin?
Scientists discovered fragmented bones in sedimentary rock this is evidence from
What is the fossil record
Random changes in DNA that can introduce new traits.
What are mutations?
What are mutations?
If q² = 0.25, what is the value of recessive allele
What is q=0.5
A chimpanzee uses a stick to fish termites out of a mound after observing others do it. What type of adaptation is this?
What is a learned behavioural adaptation?
Name at least one thing required for natural selection to occur
Variation in the population. Overproduction of offspring, Competition due to selective pressure, Differential Reproduction
In recent decades, researchers have documented that some bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics. This type of evidence is referred to as
What is direct observation?
This mechanism involves movement of individuals in or out of a population.
What is gene flow (migration)?
If p = 0.7, and q=0.3 what is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (2pq)
What is 0.42
Emperor penguins huddle together during harsh Antarctic winters to conserve heat. What type of adaptation is this?
What is a behavioural adaptation?
Natural selection acts on this level of biological organization.
What is the phenotype?
The forelimbs of whales, bats, and humans have the same bone pattern, even though they’re used for swimming, flying, and grasping. These structures are
What are homologous?
This form of natural selection occurs when certain traits increase mating success, even if they don't help with survival.
What is sexual selection?
A population of 1,000 rabbits has 600 with black fur (dominant) and 400 with white fur (recessive). The frequency of the dominant allele p is
What is p=0.6
600/1000= 0.6
The kangaroo rat can survive without ever drinking water because its kidneys concentrate urine to reduce water loss. What type of adaptation is this?
What is a physiological adaptation?
Type of Selection that favours the average trait in the population
What is stabilizing selection?
Humans have muscles for moving ears and a tailbone, but neither is functional.
What is vestigial structures?
Species of flightless birds like emus in Australia and ostriches in Africa evolved similarly, even though they're on different continents.
What is biogeography?
If 2pq = 0.32 and q² = 0.04, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype (p²)?
What is p2=0.64
A certain snake species slows its metabolism and heart rate during extreme heat to survive long dry seasons. What type of adaptation is this?
What is a physiological adaptation?
This type of selection occurs when individuals at both extremes are favored.
What is disruptive selection?
Species of flightless birds like emus in Australia and ostriches in Africa evolved similarly, even though they're on different continents.
What is biogeography?