This cell's duty is to pump water throughout the sponge, and collect oxygen, food, and sperm. (spell the word correctly)
What is a choanocyte or collar cell?
100
What do most bodily functions rely on?
What is simple cell diffusion?
100
The cloud sponge is in this class of sponges.
What is hexactinellida or glass sponges?
100
Does a sponge have an excretory, respiratory, sensory, circulatory, digestive, or nervous system? What happens instead?
What is:
NO - simple diffusion across cell membranes
100
What type of feeders are sponges?
What is detritivore?
200
This is the most complex body type of sponges, and contains multiple oscula.
What is leuconoid?
200
How old are sponges?
What is 549 million years old?
200
This class of porifera contains around 95% of all sponge species, and all are leuconoid-type sponges. There are over 7,00 species of sponge in this class. (spell correctly)
What is demospongiae?
200
Describe the asexual reproduction process of a sponge.
What is:
-sponge forms gemmules or buds
-buds or fragmentation: small piece breaks off and forms a new sponge
-gemmule: group of cells and nutrition enclosed in a capsule, when the conditions are right is released from the sponge, attaches to a substrate and starts growing
200
What are two things sponges eat?
What is:
-bacteria
-suspended organic matter/organic debris matter
-algae
-protozoa
300
What is one difference between asconoid and syconoid sponges?
What is:
-thicker walls
-dermal pores
-larger in size
300
What type of cells are mildly contractile, changing the sponge's shape?
What is porocyte?
300
List one characteristic of the homoscleromorpha class.
What is:
-massive or encrusting
-contains marine species
-very simple form
-small spicules
300
Describe sequential hermaphroditism.
What is:
When a sponge takes turns changing into male or female for reproduction, one at a time; to prevent self-fertilization.
300
What are sponges eaten by? Name three animals.
What is:
-Sea stars
-Sea turtles
-Fish
-Snails
-Nudibranchs
400
Describe the spongocoel.
What is:
The central, open cavity in a sponge through which water flows.
400
What do scientists think choanocytes are very closely related to? (spell correctly)
What is choanoflagellates?
400
What body type(s) are found in the Calcarea class?
What is asconoid and syconoid?
400
Once the eggs are fertilized, what do the zygotes form to swim around and reattach?
What is an amphiblastula (or ciliated larva)
400
What are the two ways sponges defend themselves?
What is:
Secreting a toxic/hazardous chemical that tastes or smells bad;
Closing pores to prevent water from coming in
500
What two substances are spicules made of:
What is: silica and calcium carbonate
500
What are the two evolutionary theories?
What is:
-That sponges evolved independently from other animals since they are so different
-That sponges do have a common ancestor with other animals, but they split off long before other groups did
500
Name two places the Azure Vase Sponge is found.
What is the Caribbean, Bahamas, or Florida?
500
What types of cells can turn into eggs or sperm?
What is amoebocytes/archaeocytes and choanocytes/collar cells?
500
What is one way poriferans contribute to the habitat surrounding them? (Ecological importance?)
What is:
-Filtering water to enhance clarity, letting more sunlight get through
-Providing habitat for other sea creatures
-Providing camouflage for other sea creatures
-Support bacteria to help with nitration and carbon fixation