BEFORE THE PORTUGUESE INVASION
Which major kingdom, stretching across Angola, Gabon, and Congo, had a sophisticated government structure and engaged in trade of items like ivory, copper, and textiles?
Kingdom of Kongo
Which European country started its colonial efforts in Angola in the late 15th century and intensified them in the 19th and 20th centuries?
PORTUGAL!
What is the official language of Angola today, a result of Portuguese colonial influence?
Portuguese!
The Portuguese did not directly abduct slaves. Instead, they traded goods like __ beads and glass for slaves.
silk beads
In 1665, Portugal defeated which kingdom at the Battle of Mbwila, further consolidating their control over northern Angola?
Kingdom of Kongo
The economy of the Ndongo Kingdom in southern Angola was based on which four main activities?
hunting, fishing, agriculture, and regional trade
Which other European countries, besides Portugal, had an indirect impact on Angola through colonial ambitions in Africa?
Britain, Germany, Belgium, France, Spain, and The Netherlands
What were some of the positive aspects of Portuguese involvement in the slave trade, as opposed to directly abducting people?
trading silk beads and glass for slaves
Before Portuguese colonization, the Kingdom of Kongo stretched across modern-day Angola, Gabon, and this country.
Republic of the Congo
In 1575, which Portuguese explorer founded the colony of Luanda in Angola?
Paulo Dias de Novais
The Kingdom of Kongo was known for trading with various African societies. What were some of the key goods they traded?
ivory, copper, and textiles?
Which African kingdoms and empires were the main powers in Angola before Portuguese colonization?
Kingdom of Ndongo, Kingdom of Kongo, Kingdom of Matamba, Lunda Empire, and Ovimbundu Chiefdoms
What happened to the Angolans who were not enslaved by the Portuguese?
They were transferred to Portuguese islands
What city, founded in 1575 by Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais, became the main port for the Portuguese in Angola and helped facilitate the slave trade.
Luanda
What year did the Dutch temporarily occupy Luanda, disrupting Portuguese control over the city?
1641
What was the primary religious practice in the Ndongo Kingdom and the Kingdom of Kongo before the Portuguese invasion?
animism and ancestor worship
What were the primary motives for Portugal’s imperialism in Angola?
slave trade, natural resources, maintaining colonial power, spreading Catholicism, and assimilating Angolans into Portuguese culture
What valuable resources did the Portuguese take from Angola during their colonization?
gold and spices
In pre-colonial Angola, this was the primary religious practice, involving worship of ancestors and belief in spirits of nature.
animism
Who was the Portuguese explorer that first reached the Congo River in 1483, starting Portuguese contact with Central Africa?
Diogo Cão
In pre-colonial Angola, societies were typically organized into what kind of structures?
clans and lineages
Which types of imperialism did Portugal apply in Angola, and what were the main objectives in terms of political and economic control?
economic, cultural, and colonial imperialism
How do Portugal and Angola maintain a connection after independence, in terms of diplomacy and business?
Having embassies in each other’s countries as well as Portuguese investment in Angolan construction, real estate, and tourism
Which Portuguese explorer was the first to reach the Congo River in 1483, marking the start of Portuguese contact with Central Africa.
Diogo Cão
Which conference in 1885 formally recognized Portugal’s claim over Angola, solidifying its colonial boundaries during the “Scramble for Africa”?
Berlin Conference