TITLE, ABSTRACT, INTRODUCTION, AIM,
According to NICE, what is the most accurate statement regarding respiratory rate (RR)?
A. RR is an insensitive indicator of clinical deterioration.
B. RR is rarely used in clinical assessment systems.
C. RR is the most sensitive marker of a deteriorating patient.
D. RR is only important in su
C. RR is the most sensitive marker of a deteriorating patient.
"RR is the most sensitive marker of a deteriorating patient and the first observation to indicate a problem."
How many videos were shown to each participant in the study?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
C. Three
“Only 3 videos were shown to reduce bias from practice through multiple sequential assessments.”
What percentage of doctors correctly identified all three RR values as abnormal using the formal method?
A. 48%
B. 59%
C. 81%
D. 93%
C. 81%
"From the study results, 81% recognized all three RR values as abnormal using the formal method."
Who is the name of your Medical English - 1 teacher?
A. Rudy Hermawan from Australia
B. Satoshi Kondo from Indonesia
C. Khaeriah Amru from Indonesia
D. Asma from Egypt
C. Khaeriah Amru
What is one reason why ‘spot assessments’ are less accurate than formal assessments?
A. They use more advanced tools
B. They have lower observer bias
C. They are more subjective and less standardized
D. They are performed more slowly
C. They are more subjective and less standardized
Both ‘spot’ and formal assessments were inaccurate, but formal assessments were consistently more so... spot assessment bias ranging from 1.8 to 14 times...
Why can inaccurate measurement of RR have serious consequences for patients?
A. Because RR is rarely included in clinical assessments.
B. Because RR does not influence clinical decision-making.
C. Because inaccuracies may misguide care and delay response.
D. Because all patients generally have
C. Because inaccuracies may misguide care and delay response.
"Assessments must be accurate and inaccuracies may delay responses or even misguide clinical care."
What is another term used for ‘bias’ in this study?
A. Predictive error
B. Clinical variance
C. Systematic error
D. Human inconsistency
C. Systematic error
“Bias, also called ‘Systematic error’ refers to the mean difference between the measured and known value.”
Why is accurate RR measurement crucial in clinical practice?
A. It ensures patients breathe at the same rate
B. It improves communication between doctors
C. It is often the first clinical sign of deterioration
D. It prevents the need for oxygen therapy
C. It is often the first clinical sign of deterioration
RR is often the first clinical parameter to become abnormal and indicate a change in a patient’s condition.
Why is accurate RR measurement crucial in clinical practice?
A. It ensures patients breathe at the same rate
B. It improves communication between doctors
C. It is often the first clinical sign of deterioration
D. It prevents the need for oxygen therapy
C. It is often the first clinical sign of deterioration
RR is often the first clinical parameter to become abnormal and indicate a change in a patient’s condition.
BONUS
BONUS
Why were researchers interested in evaluating the accuracy of both ‘spot’ and ‘formal’ RR assessment methods?
A. Because both methods have been proven highly accurate.
B. Because no previous research evaluated the commonly used ‘spot’ method.
C. Because all clinicians already follow a measureme
B. Because no previous research evaluated the commonly used ‘spot’ method.
"Though using ‘spot’ assessments appears to be common... we could not identify any research evaluating the accuracy of this method."
Which statistical tests were used to analyze the impact of experience on RR assessment?
A. T-test and ANOVA
B. Linear regression and Mann-Whitney U
C. Chi-square and Cochran–Armitage trend test
D. Pearson correlation and Kruskal-Wallis
C. Chi-square and Cochran–Armitage trend test
“Chi square was used to assess for an association between correctly identifying the RR as abnormal and years of experience... One sided Cochran–Armitage trend test was used to evaluate whether there was a decreasing trend...”
What was the observed trend between years of experience and accuracy in spot RR assessments?
A. More experience led to better accuracy
B. No trend was observed
C. Less experienced doctors were more accurate
D. Experience affected only formal assessments
C. Less experienced doctors were more accurate
The study found longer experience was associated with less accurate spot assessments.
Why did some participants previously believe spot assessment was sufficient?
A. It was easier to perform
B. It provided exact measurements
C. It was believed enough to detect bradypnea or tachypnea
D. It matched the hospital guidelines
C. It was believed enough to detect bradypnea or tachypnea
“Prior to the study, many participants felt that the ‘spot’ assessment was sufficient to identify brady- or tachypnoeic patients...”
Title of this article is : The accuracy of .................... assessment by doctors in a London teaching hospital: a cross-sectional study
Respiratory Rate