Civil Rights
Citizenship rights guaranteed to the people and protected by the government – equal protection under the law
What are civil rights?
Necessary step to achieve a majority popular vote for president in the United States.
What is constitutional amendment?
A comprehensive, integrated set of views about government and politics (overall worldview)
What is political ideology?
Drawing of Congressional districts to produce a particular electoral outcome
What is gerrymandering?
In this role, the president appoints bureaucrats and issues executive orders to the bureaucracy.
What is the role of chief bureaucrat?
Pre-Civil War case that found Black Americans cannot be citizens of the U.S.
What is Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)?
Voting system that distributes votes in the following way: one vote goes to the winner of each congressional district, and the remaining two go to the statewide winner.
What is the district system?
Support governments regulation of the economy
Supports limited government regulation of morality
What is typical of liberal political ideology?
Splitting a group of voters across multiple districts so they don’t form a majority in any of them; this is typically used against a political party or minority group to dilute their voting power.
What is cracking?
–Commander in Chief of the armed forces
–Power to make treaties
–Appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and counsel, judges of the Supreme Court…
–Take care that the laws be faithfully executed
–“The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.”
What are the expressed/enumerated powers of the president?
Poll Taxes
White Primaries
Literacy Tests
Understanding Clauses
Grandfather clauses
Disenfranchisement devices
Voting system wherein voters rank candidates in order of preference; if no one gets a majority, the lowest candidate is eliminated and votes are redistributed until someone wins.
What is rank-choice voting?
Supports government regulation of morality
Supports limited government regulation of the economy
What is typical of conservative political ideology?
Every 10 years House membership is redistributed based on population; and new districts are drawn based on any change in the number of representatives
What is reapportionment?
Congressional legislation that cedes power to the president in certain areas.
What are delegated presidential power?
Post-Civil War Supreme Court case that determined citizenship is based on birthplace, not blood.
What is the U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark (1898)?
Voting system where the candidate with the most votes wins, even if they don’t receive a majority.
Coalition of people who seek to control the machinery of government by winning elections
What is a political party
435
What is the number of members in the House of Representatives?
This theory of presidential power suggests the President’s powers are strictly limited to what is written in the U.S. Constitution.
What is the constitutional / formal theory of presidential power?
Bans discriminatory practices (i.e. poll taxes, literacy tests…)
Allows federal observers to monitor elections
Required states and certain localities with a history of discrimination to get preclearance from the federal government before changing election laws
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Funds spent to influence elections where the original sources of the money are not publicly disclosed.
What is dark money?
A political party that concentrates on one public policy matter, for example prohibition or abortion.
What is a single-issue political party?
The authority to levy and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises; to pay debts; to provide for the common defense and general welfare; to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states; to establish lower federal courts; to coin money; to raise and support armed forces; to declare war; and to maintain a postal system.
What are the enumerated/expressed powers of Congress?
This theory of presidential power suggests the President can take any action not expressly forbidden by the Constitution or laws.
What is the stewardship theory of presidential power?