Vocabulary
This is the exchange of goods and services by sale or barter. It is driven by the need for resources and the amount of resources the trader has.
What is trade?
This area, located in the Fertile Crescent in the Middle East, is a collection of city-states that are each controlled by different rulers. The name of this place means "the land between the rivers."
What is Mesopotamia?
This is the most important geographic feature in Egypt. It played a major role in the development of their civilization.
What is the Nile River?
The are the two most important Kush cities. The first was their capital city in their most powerful era, and the second was their busiest trading center along the Red Sea. (2 answers)
What is Napata and Meroe?
This is the system of writing widely used in the ancient Middle East. It isn't considered a language, but a set of pictures that stood for objects and ideas.
What is cuneiform?
This is the form of economy the people of Mesopotamia practiced, which had people rely on tradition and custom to decide what, how, and who to produce for.
What is a tradition-oriented economy?
These are the Nile flooding seasons.
What is Akhet (mid June-mid October)(flooded), Peret (mid October-mid February)(water recedes), and Shomu (mid February-mid June)(dry)?
This is the geographic feature Phoenicia relied the most on. This feature made it so they were able to avoid the mountainous areas of ancient Phoenicia and led them to build primarily port cities.
What is the ocean/Mediterranean Sea?
This is a series of rulers in a particular kingdom or empire. The rulers are usually a series of family members. Egypt had over 30 of these.
What is a dynasty?
This member of the social pyramid was at the top of the pyramid. They had the most power, organized labor, maintained the ziggurats, and made laws for the people. They are in the smallest, but most powerful class on the pyramid.
What is a king?
This is the names of the eras of Egyptian thriving. The first saw Egyptians start using art to illustrate their ideas and afterlife and building the Great Pyramids of Giza, the second saw the reunification of Upper and Lower Egypt and established the capital as Thebes, and the third saw some of Egypt's greatest pharaohs and expanded Egyptian territory. (3 answers)
What is the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom.
These are the Egyptian customs and technologies the Nubians adopted due to their trade relationship. (4 answers)
What is Egyptian standard of weighing, hieroglyphics, religion, and fashion?
This is the name for the oldest known Egyptian writing system. The name comes from the ancient Greeks, the prefix means sacred and the suffix means a written or carved symbol.
What is hieroglyphics?
These are the few rights women were allowed to have in Mesopotamian society. (3 answers)
What are being able to own property, can leave their husband on their own, and noble women could learn to read and write?
These are the second highest level of Egypt's social pyramid. One group advised the pharaoh and would collect taxes, serve as judges, and oversaw building projects. This group would also usually be from the wealthiest families. The second group was appointed by the pharaoh to perform rituals. This job was usually passed through families. (2 answers)
What is government officials and priests?
These were the main goods sold by the Phoenicians. (6 answers)
What is cedar wood, metal goods, pottery, glass, animal skins, and cloth?
This is the transmission of cultural elements like customs, ideas, and religions from one group to another. There are three ways for this to happen, direct contact, forced diffusion, and indirect contact.
What is cultural diffusion?
This story based on one of the Akkadian kings taught historians a few lessons such as the role gods and goddesses played in the people's lives, how strong the ruler in the story was, and how the people saw anything beyond their cities as dangerous or monstrous.
What is The Epic of Gilgamesh?
This artifact, found in 1799 was written in Greek and two forms of Egyptian language including hieroglyphics. It allowed historians to read and translate hieroglyphics.
What is the Rosetta Stone?
This is the most important Phoenician innovation that we still use to this day. The Greeks added to this innovation in 700 BCE.
What is the alphabet?