Hemodynamics
Three factors that determine stroke volume
What is preload, contractility and after load
Increasing the respiratory rate on the ventilator will decrease this blood gas value
What is PaCO2
This medication is commonly used to treat junctional ecotopic tachycardia by reducing myocardial irritability
What is amiodarone
Lab value that increases when tissues do not receive adequate oxygen delivery
What is lactic acid
A ductal dependent defect that often causes higher blood pressures in the upper extremities compared to the lower extremities
What is coarctation of the aorta (COA)
Small downward deflection in an arterial pressure waveform, signaling the end of ventricular systole & closure of aortic (or pulmonic) valve
What is Dicrotic notch?
In this stage of single-ventricle palliation, increased intrathoracic pressure from high PEEP can raise SVC pressures because pulmonary blood flow is passive
What is a Glenn
Inotrope that stimulates both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate, contractility, and blood pressure
What is Epinephrine
This condition should be considered when chest tube output suddenly decreases, CVP increases, and blood pressure decreases
What is cardiac tamponade
During this surgical repair of this congenital heart defect, surgeons divide the common AV valve into two separate valves
What is AV Canal Repair?
A TOF patient with Low BP, Low CVP, Low LAP is most likely experiencing this hemodynamic problem
What is hypovolemia
This ventilator setting helps prevent alveolar collapse at the end of exhalation
What is PEEP
Medication that is commonly used during intubation because it provides sedation and bronchodilation while maintaing blood pressure
What is Ketamine?
The pacemaker stops pacing intermittently because it detects electrical signals from muscle movement or interference
What is oversensing
After CPB this is performed to remove excess fluid to increase hematocrit and remove inflammatory mediators
What is MUF
Increased LAP can lead to this pulmonary complication due to increased pulmonary venous pressure
What is pulmonary edema?
Life threatening condition that occurs when pulmonary vascular resistance suddenly increases, leading to a decreased pulmonary blood flow and cardiovascular collapse
What is pulmonary hypertensive crisis
After an arterial switch operation for a TGA, this medication may be used to dilate the coronary arteries and improve myocardial perfusion
What is nitroglycerin?
Postoperative arrhythmia commonly occurs after congenital heart surgery and is characterized by a narrow-complex tachycardia with AV dissociation
What is Junctional Ecotopic Tachycardia (JET)
Blood loss at the surgical field is suctioned into a filtered and heparinized reservoir. Then pumped into a centrifuge bowl where the RBCs are separated & washed with saline
What is cell saver
In a single ventricle patient, high oxygen saturations with low systemic perfusion indicates this Qp:Qs ratio
High Qp:Qs- What is pulmonary overcirculation?
A patient with severe LV dysfunction improves hemodynamically after intubation & positive pressure ventilation due to a reduction in this pressure gradient
What is left ventricular transmural pressure
This commonly used phosphodiesterase inhibitor may increase Qp:Qs due to vasodilatory effects
What is milrinone
A postoperative cardiac patient develops increased lactate, decreased NIRS, and decreased urine output.
What is low cardiac output syndrome
The time during cardiac surgery is when the heart receives cardioplegia and myocardial ischemia occurs
What is aortic cross-clamp time