Colonial Foundations
What was the first, second, and third permanent English settlements in North America?
1. Jamestown
2. Plymouth
3. Massachusetts Bay
What cash crop was crucial to the success of Jamestown?
Tobacco
What was Bacon’s Rebellion?
Bacon’s Rebellion was a 1676 uprising in Virginia where settlers, led by Nathaniel Bacon, rebelled against the colonial government over high taxes and lack of protection against constant native attacks
What practice regarding British troops did the British government impose upon the colonists that started during the French and Indian War?
Quartering troops in your home whenever one came to your doorstep.
What was the significance of the Treaty of Paris (1763)
The ending the French and Indian War with France ceding most of its North American territory to Britain.
What is the definition of a royal colony during the colonial period?
Royal colonies are owned and completely administered by the Crown.
What was the headright system, and how did it encourage colonization?
Giving 50 acres of land to anyone who paid their way to the Americas in order to run their own agriculture producing plantations/ larger farms.
What was the Pequot War and what happened to their people?
The first major conflict between colonists and natives. The Pequot nation took a stand against the colonists in Connecticut 1637. The result was the near destruction of the Pequot nation.
What was the significance of the Proclamation of 1763?
Restricted colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains tos top conflicts with Native Americans.
What was the primary cause of the French and Indian War?
The competition between Britain and France for control of North American territories
What is the definition of a joint stock company during the colonial period?
(also known as a charter colony) was a combined venture between investors in the hope of obtaining a return on their investment of funds in the colony.
How did the Navigation Acts affect colonial trade?
They restricted trade between colonies in order to benefit England, leading to resentment in the colonies
What was King Phillip's War?
Also known as the First Indian War, took place in southern New England from 1675 to 1676. It was the Native Americans' last-ditch effort to avoid recognizing English authority and stop English settlement on their native lands.
What was mercantilism, and how did it shape colonial policy?
An economic theory focused on self-sufficiency, leading to strict control over colonial trade.
Who was George Washington, and what was his role (at what fort) in the early stages of the French and Indian War?
An ambitious young officer who led a failed attempt to capture Fort Duquesne, later become first president of US, first hero American people can look up to.
Who were the Puritans, and what was their goal in establishing colonies in America?
A religious group seeking to create a "city upon a hill" as a model society, to purify the Anglican Church and escape religious persecution.
How did the Great Awakening influence colonial society?
The Great Awakening influenced colonial society by sparking widespread religious revival, leading to the growth of new denominations and increasing religious diversity.
What were the causes and effects of the Stono Rebellion?
Slaves used guns and other weapons, to kill several overseers. A white militia full of angry men countered the attack and killed many slaves.
What were the economic consequences of the French and Indian War for Britain?
Although Britain won the war they were left in a massive heap of debt leading to increased taxes on the colonies to pay for the war
How did the outcome of the French and Indian War set the stage for the American Revolution?
Leading to increased taxes on the colonies, sparking resistance and calls for independence
How did Pennsylvania differ from other colonies in terms of its religious tolerance?
Founded by Quakers under William Penn, it promoted religious tolerance and democratic principles.
What was the triangular trade? (three parts of the world it went to and the goods/ services from each part)
The triangular trade was a transatlantic trade system involving Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Europe sent manufactured goods to Africa, Africa sent enslaved people to the Americas, and the Americas sent raw materials like sugar, tobacco, and cotton back to Europe.
How did Native American alliances with the French shape the outcome of conflicts with the British?
The French, with fewer settlers in North America compared to the British, relied heavily on their alliances with Native American tribes. Their relationship allowed for access and knowledge to trade routes, hunting, fur, and agriculture.
Some Native American tribes began to switch sides due to British diplomatic efforts and the realization that a French victory seemed less likely.
What was salutary neglect, and how did it affect the colonies?
British policy of loose enforcement of regulations, allowing the colonies to self-govern
How did the war impact Native American tribes in the Ohio Valley (land and resources)?
Led to loss of land and autonomy for many tribes, the overtaking of the fur trade and pure disrepect by the colonists against the Native's values of nature.