What are the 4 layers of the earth in order from outside to inside?
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
100
What was Alfred Wegener's theory?
The theory of Continental Drift
100
What are the three types of plate boundaries?
Convergent, Divergent, Transform
100
Where do most earthquakes and volcanoes occur?
Along plate boundaries
100
What are the three rock families?
Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
200
What layer of the Earth is broken up into plates?
Crust
200
What were the three types of evidence that supported Wegener's theory for continental drift?
Land formations, Fossils, Climate
200
Draw arrows to represent the movement for each type of boundary.
--><--
<-- -->
-->
<--
200
What are the three types of faults?
Normal, Reverse, Strike-Slip
200
What process turns all rocks back into magma?
Melting
300
Which layer of the Earth is made of a solid dense ball of metal?
Inner core
300
What major process caused the continents break apart?
Convection caused sea-floor spreading.
300
List two features found at convergent boundaries.
Mountains, Trenches
300
What are the three main types of volcanoes?
Shield, Composite, Cinder Cone
300
What are the types of rocks that belong in each family. Must list all three families with all types!
Igneous: Intrusive, Extrusive
Metamorphic: Foliated, Non-foliated
Sedimentary: Clastic, Organic, Chemical
400
What major geologic process occurs in the mantle?
Convection
400
What is subduction and where does it occur?
When oceanic crust is recycled back down into the mantle at a deep ocean trench.
400
List two features found at divergent boundaries.
Mid-ocean ridge, Rift Valley
400
What are the characteristics of an explosive eruption?
High viscosity, High Silica, Pyroclastic Flow, Gasses are plugged inside like a cork in a bottle
400
How can you tell whether a rock is foliated?
The rock will have distinct banded layers of minerals.
500
Name at least three ways convection causes changes to the Earth's surface.
Continental Drift
Volcanism
Earthquakes
Mountains
Plate Tectonics
The rock cycle
Sea-floor Spreading
500
Where is all of the oceanic crust created? What type of rock is formed here?
Mid-Ocean ridge, Igneous
500
How does plate tectonics play a role in the rock cycle?
convergent applies pressure for metamorphic rocks
divergent allows magma/lava to cool
500
What are the three types of stresses and what faults do they cause?
Tension - Normal
Compression - Reverse
Shearing - Strike-slip
500
What are TWO ways an igneous rock can become a sedimentary rock?
1. Erosion can change it to sediment then it is compacted and cemented to become sedimentary rock.
2. It can be exposed to heat and pressure to become metamorphic, be eroded to become sediment, and finally be compacted and cemented to become sedimentary rock.