India
Who was the leader of India’s nonviolent independence movement against British rule?
Mohandas Gandhi
What was the system of legal racial segregation in South Africa?
Apartheid
Who led the Communist Revolution in China in 1949 and won the civil war?
Mao Zedong
What was one main reason Iranians opposed the Shah before the 1979 revolution, leading to the rise of Ayatollah Khomeini?
because many Iranians saw the Shah’s government as corrupt, repressive, and too influenced by Western countries
How were the goals of Kwame Nkrumah, Jomo Kenyatta, and Gandhi similar?
All three leaders aimed to achieve independence for their countries from European colonial powers and believed in national self-determination and unity for their people.
Why did Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Muslim League want to create a separate Muslim state, Pakistan, when India was fighting for independence?
They worried about being minorities in a Hindu-majority state.
Who became the first President of independent Kenya?
Jomo Kenyatta
What was the name of Mao’s movement that tried to "recommit to revolutionary ideas" by attacking teachers, old traditions, and anything seen as “old”?"
Cultural Revolution
What is Zionism?
The belief that there should be a Jewish nation-state in Palestine.
What is one difference between Gandhi’s and Nelson Mandela's resistance against their respective unjust systems?
Ghandi used peaceful protests and boycotts to fight against British colonial rule, while Mandela used armed struggle against the racist apartheid regime.
What was Ghandi's main strategy for resisting British rule in India? (Hint: it involved non-violent acts of law-breaking)
Civil Disobedience
Who led Ghana to independence from Britain and became its first Prime Minister?
Kwame Nkruhmah
Who introduced the “Four Modernizations” in China to reform the economy and the "One Child Policy" to control China's growing population?
Deng Xiaoping
What was the Nakba?
The ethnic cleansing of ~750k Palestinians by Zionist militias in 1947-48.
What was the Non-Aligned movement?
What strong belief in national self-determination motivated Indians to fight for independence from British colonial rule?
Nationalism
Who led the fight against apartheid in South Africa and helped secure voting rights for all citizens through universal suffrage?
Nelson Mandela
What were some problems with Deng Xiaoping’s changes to China’s economy and government?
No political freedom and large surge of wealth inequality and corruption
Why did the US interfere to overthrow the democratically elected Prime Minister of Iran, Mohammad Mosaddegh?
As a socialist, Mosaddegh threatened US economic and geopolitical interests, especially when he began to nationalize Iranian resources like oil.
What is secularism?
The belief that a state/government should not have an official religion
What region has been the center of a long-standing territorial conflict between India and Pakistan since the partition in 1947?
Kashmir
What is pan-Africanism?
- Belief that all Africans, including those in the diaspora, must work together to build a strong continent.
- Belief that all of Africa share a past, present, and future.
What major 1989 event happened during Deng Xiaoping’s leadership, where the Chinese government used force to stop student protests calling for more political freedom?
Tiananmen Square Massacre
Who is considered the founder of the modern nation-state of Türkiye (Turkey)?
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Select an enduring issue that connects to this unit and explain how it relates to at least three topics.
***Open-ended***