Post-Processualism Core
What two articles are used (with dates)?
Hodder (1985) and Pruecel (1995)
What article and date?
Codding and Bird (2015)
Who's article? Date?
Arnold and Munns (1994)
Who's article and date?
Barlow (2002)
Who critiques post-processualism?
Beech (1993) and Codding and Bird (2015)
How does Hodder interpret material culture?
through the lens of the individual to observe social change
How do Codding and Bird define culture?
the outcome of interactions between socially shared behaviors and intents
Where does the study take place?
Channel Islands of Southwest California
What is Barlow (2002)'s case study?
Fremont culture region, examining the costs and benefits between foraging and agricultural communities
Who critiques human behavioral ecology?
Cronk (1994) and Nettles et al. (2013)
What does Pruecel (1995) argue is the defining feature of post-processualism?
acceptance and encouragement of other fields
What question does human behavioral ecology attempt to answer?
is natural selection present in behavior patterns? how do we link behavior to expected material culture?
Who is the population of interest?
bead manufacturers over a span of 7k years
What model does Barlow (2002) use and describe it.
diet breadth model. predicts that humans will pursue "high" rank wild foods until they are depleted, and once they are, will begin to intensify agricultural practices
What do Codding and Bird critique?
post-processualism does not involve evolutionary theory enough, even though natural selection is present and evident
Give a general overview of what the post-processualism paradigm is.
viewing material culture through the individual, subjective, and multiple interpretations
what do human behavioral ecologist encourage researchers to examine more?
socioecological contexts more than subsistence patterns
What type of bead manufacturers were at the Channel Islands?
peripherally attached specialists
Why is Barlow (2002) a good example of human behavioral ecology?
this study emphasizes behavior. agriculture/farming is the behavior associated with optimal food production
What does Cronk (1994) critique?
human behavioral ecology does not incorporate culture in a meaning way. too much focus on the behavior. need to distinguish behavior from culture that way it can be a fundamental analysis rather than just within that specific realm
What are the 3 core beliefs of post-processualism?
1. archeological analyeses are inherently subjective
2. humans are not passive entities to change
3. humans thrive in conflict and will naturally manipulate rules
What are the 2 core beliefs of human behavioral ecology?
1. not all behaviors derive from the same thing and not all are adaptable
2. to successfully analyze, must look at evolutionary history and ecological factors
Why is this case study a good example of post-processualism?
it emphasizes site specific, individual, subjective research. it also shows that definitions are not always uniform (attached/independent specialist) and individuality must be considered
(critique oops)
What does Beech (1993) critique?
post-processualism is too subjective and reads material culture like a book. there isn't a way to interpret things incorrectly
What does Nettle et al. (2013) critique?
human behavioral ecology has too much focus on reproductive qualities of a population and does not analyze subsistence at all. general applications to large sample sizes