Avian Anatomy
Unlike mammals, birds have this type of bone structure that makes them lighter
What is Pneumatic bones?
This is the primary nitrogenous waste product, and its production is a key part of their excretory system.
What is uric acid?
Before the application of a disinfectant, what should be done. Be specific
Cleaning to ensure the removal of organic matter
What is the role of vaccination in poultry disease prevention
What is to protect the birds from specific disease
What is the primary purpose of biosecurity measures in poultry farming?
to prevent the introduction and spread of infectious diseases
There are two primary lymphoid organs in birds
Bursa
Thymus
This organ converts ammonia from the breakdown of proteins and and amino acids to uric acid.
What is the liver
Why is it important to have regular health monitoring programs for poultry?
What is to detect and address health issues early, before they become widespread
Why is it important to vaccinate poultry at the recommended age
To avoid neutralization of live vaccine virus by maternal antibodies AND to ensure the development of immunity before exposure to disease
What is structural biosecurity in the context of poultry farming
What is the physical design and construction of the facility to prevent disease entry and spread
This bone serves as a readily available calcium reservoir for the formation of eggshells
What is Medullary bone
This condition occurs when a bird hyperventilates, often due to heat stress, leading to excessive loss of carbon dioxide and a rise in blood pH
What is respiratory alkalosis
What is the significance of maintaining proper ventilation in poultry houses
What is to reduce the humidity and ammonia levels which can contribute to respiratory diseases
What is the difference between live and inactivated vaccines
Live contained a weakened form of the pathogen, while inactivated contained a killed pathogen
Killed must be given via injection
This management practice involves moving entire flocks in and out of a facility at the same time to prevent the spread of disease between age groups.
All in all out
This structure help move air through the lungs in a unidirectional flow, ensuring a constant supply of fresh, oxygen-rich air
What are air sacs
Heat stress in laying hens can reduce the activity of this enzyme, impairing bicarbonate production needed for eggshell formation and leading to thin-shelled eggs
What is carbonic anhydrase
What is the meaning of "FLAWS" in poultry husbandry
F: feed
L: light and litter
A: air
W: water
S: stocking density, sanitation, security and social behaviour
How can vaccination programs be tailored to specific farms
What is by considering the specific disease prevalent in the area, the type of poultry, age, and the farm management practices
What is operational biosecurity in poultry farming?
The day-to-day practices and procedures implemented to maintain biosecurity
This oviduct and ovaries are fully developed and functional in birds
What are the left oviduct and left ovaries
This lymphoid organ, unique to birds, is essential for B cell development and atrophies as the bird matures
The bursa
How can stress management in poultry flocks help in disease prevention?
What is reducing the likelihood of stress-induced immunosuppression, which can make birds susceptible to disease
How can you ensure that your bird are protected after vaccination
Collect blood samples and conduct serology testing for seroconversion and antibody production. Eg ELISA
What risks are associated with wild birds entering the poultry house or interacting with poultry
Diseases: HPAI, Salmonella
Food and water consumption and contamination
Parasites
Stress and fear