History of Earth Science
This man proposed the theory of continental drift, but was rejected by his colleagues for lacking a mechanism to explain the movement.
Who is Alfred Wegener?
This layer is split into continental and oceanic types.
What is the crust?
This type of boundary occurs when two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally
What is a transform boundary?
These make up the three different types of rock
What are igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary?
The longest unit of geologic time
What is an eon?
This man discovered the mechanism for continental drift was sea-floor spreading
Who is Harry Hess?
This thin layer of the mantle sits under the lithosphere. It is partially melted due to enormous heat and pressure.
What is the asthenosphere?
This is known as the supercontinent that existed before it split into the 7 continents we know today
What is Pangea?
These can be identified by color, luster, hardness, cleavage, and fracture. Some are also reactive to UV light and glow!
What are minerals?
What is the mesozoic era?
Earth science is composed of these four branches
What are geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy?
The crust, mantle, and core make up these layers of the Earth.
What are the compositional layers?
These types of landforms can form at convergent boundaries where a continental place converges with an oceanic plate.
What are volcanoes?
These factors cause rocks to change types within the rock cycle
What are heat, pressure, and weathering?
The idea that states older rocks and fossils will be farther down in the Earth
The Law of Superposition?
This invention helped scientists map the ocean floor to find mid-ocean ridges that were central to the explanation of sea-floor spreading.
What is sonar?
This layer of the Earth is a dense, mostly iron ball that rotates independently from the rest of the Earth.
What is the inner core?
This event occurs when tectonic plates split apart and new oceanic crust forms at mid-ocean ridges, pushing older crust away from the ridge
What is sea-floor spreading?
What are rocks and minerals?
It is hypothesized that an asteroid collided with the Earth to cause this event
What is the extinction of the dinosaurs?
This man is known as the "Father of Geology" for establishing the concept of uniformitarianism.
Who is James Hutton?
These layers include the lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, and inner core
What are the Earth's structural layers?
The fossil record supports this idea because fossils of the same plants and animals were found on the east coast of South American and the west coast of Africa
What is Continental Drift?
These types of rocks include felsic and mafic
What are igneous rocks?
The type of fossil that gives record of how animals moved or lived
What is a trace fossil?