Key People
Who was Chief Powhatan (Wahunseneca)?
The leader of the Powhatan Confederacy, uniting multiple tribes in the region of Jamestown.
What was the first permanent English settlement in America? And in what year.
1607, Jamestown, Virginia
What was the Virginia Company?
A joint-stock company that funded the establishment of Jamestown.
What happened in 1607?
Jamestown was founded.
What defined the Powhatan as a confederation?
They were a group of tribes united under Chief Powhatan for mutual defense and governance.
How did Pocahontas contribute to peace between the Powhatan and English settlers?
She acted as an intermediary, married John Rolfe, and helped establish temporary peace.
What colony was founded by the Pilgrims in 1620?
Plymouth Colony
What were indentured servants?
Workers who agreed to labor for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the colonies.
What was the significance of 1619?
The first African slaves arrived in Virginia, marking the beginning of slavery in the English colonies.
What led to the “Starving Time” in Jamestown?
A lack of food, poor leadership, and strained relations with the Powhatan.
What role did John Smith play in Jamestown?
He implemented a "no work, no food" policy and helped establish trade with the Powhatan
Which colony was established as a Puritan settlement in 1630?
Massachusetts Bay Colony
What were freedom dues?
Land, money, or goods given to indentured servants after completing their service.
Why was 1620 an important year for Plymouth?
The Pilgrims established Plymouth Colony and signed the Mayflower Compact.
Who were Separatists, and how did they differ from Puritans?
Separatists wanted to break from the Church of England entirely, while Puritans sought to reform it.
Why was John Rolfe significant to the Virginia colony?
He introduced tobacco cultivation, which became a profitable cash crop.
What was the significance of the Virginia Colony?
It was the first permanent English colony and home to early democratic institutions like the House of Burgesses.
What was Bacon’s Rebellion?
A 1676 uprising by frontier settlers against Virginia’s government.
What was established in 1630 in Massachusetts?
The Massachusetts Bay Colony by Puritans.
What purpose did the Mayflower Compact serve?
It was an agreement to establish self-governance and maintain unity among the settlers.
What was Nathaniel Bacon’s role in colonial history?
He led Bacon’s Rebellion against Governor Berkeley over land policies and indigenous relations.
Why was the Massachusetts Bay Colony referred to as a “City Upon a Hill”?
It was intended to be a model Puritan society based on religious principles.
What role did tobacco play in the Virginia economy?
It became the primary cash crop, driving economic growth and increasing reliance on indentured and enslaved labor.
How did Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676 impact colonial labor systems?
It led to increased reliance on African slaves as a labor force instead of indentured servants.
How did Bacon’s Rebellion change the labor system in Virginia?
It increased reliance on African slaves and decreased the use of white indentured servants.