Intro to Clinical Study Design
The intervention or contributing factor under study; the thing that is different between groups at the start of a study; in an experimental study, the intervention or maneuver being studied
What is an independent variable?
What type of studies aim to characterize a patient or patient population?
What are descriptive studies?
A list of common or general terms (e.g., prepositions, and articles) that are not retrieved when searching PubMed because they appear in too many records.
What are stop words?
Type of blinding where subjects, investigators, and data analysis personnel are unaware of treatment assignment
What is Triple-blind?
What type of studies attempt to identify associations between a characteristic and an event or outcome?
What are analytical studies?
The unique identifier assigned to a record when it enters PubMed; it does not change over time or during processing and are never reused.
What is the PubMed Unique Identifier (PMID)?
Type of probability sampling when the sample is chosen by a periodic process to select subjects from the larger population using a pre-identified sampling interval and randomly selected starting point
What is systematic sampling?
What type of analytical study investigates associations between a characteristic or exposure and outcome?
What are retrospective cohort studies?
The relative proximity of a measurement to the real value
What is accuracy?
Type of nonprobability sampling where subjects are chosen based on bioavailability; advantages include: ease and decreased cost; self- selection becomes a concern as a potential source of bias (e.g. pharmacy students using other pharmacy students)
What is convenience sampling?
Case reports, case series, and cross-sectional studies are all what type of studies?
What are descriptive studies?
The process by which the prescision and accuracy of an instrument are determined
What is validation?
1. Checking for Safety
2. Checking for efficacy
3. Confirm findings in large patient population
4. Testing long-term safety in diverse patient population
What are 4 phases to the clinical trial process?
What is generally considered gold standard for determining efficacy of an intervention?
What are randomized controlled trails?
The group in a clinical study in which subjects will receive the intervention under investigation; also referred to as the active treatment group
What is study group?