Rheumatology
Involvement of this joint by osteoarthritis gives a 'squared appearance' to the base of the thumb
First carpometacarpal
Most common cause of acute cyanide toxicity in industrialized countries
Domestic fires (accept smoke inhalation)
Parasitic disease whose name derives from the Italian 'bad air'
Malaria
Valvular abnormality associated with systolic and diastolic 'pistol shot' sounds heard over the femoral artery
Aortic regurgitation
Menstrual cycle phase between the first day of menses and ovulation
Follicular phase
Bone disease due to compromise of bone vasculature leading to bone death and mechanical failure
Osteonecrosis (aseptic necrosis, avascular necrosis, atraumatic necrosis, and ischemic necrosis)
Clinical condition resulting from excessive oxidation of heme iron to the ferric state
Methemoglobinemia
German physician credited for the discovery of the causative organism for tuberculosis
Robert Koch
Time duration that differentiates sustained from non-sustained ventricular tachycardia
30 seconds
Radiologic description suggestive of a flattened or absent pituitary gland
Empty sella (accept empty sella syndrome)
Syndrome of neck pain associated with calcium phosphate deposition disease and atlantoaxial joint calcifications on radiography
Crowned dens syndrome
Receptor competitively inhibited by flumazenil
Gamma-amino-butyric-acid (accept GABA)
Organism ingested by internist Barry Marshall to prove its infectivity and association with disease
Helicobacter pylori
Inhibition of this endopeptidase raises levels of circulating natriuretic peptides for treatment of heart failure
Neprilysin (do not accept sacubitril)
Additional endocrine disorder initially cotreated in patients with suspected myxedema coma
Adrenal insufficiency
Class of biological agents most commonly associated with drug-induced lupus
Tumor necrosis factor antagonists (accept TNF antagonists)
Argyria refers to toxicity caused by this substance
Silver
Physician credited with first describing digital clubbing
Hippocrates (also known as Hippocratic fingers or nails; considered the oldest sign in clinical medicine)
Eponymous name of criteria for evaluating acute myocardial infarction in the setting of left bundle branch block
Sgarbossa criteria
Eponymous phenomena occurring when excess iodine intake acutely inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis
Wolff-Chaikoff effect
Disease in which presence of the melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody is associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease
Dermatomyositis
Neurologic injury due to excessive use of inhaled nitrous oxide is caused by inactivation of this vitamin
B12 (accept cyanocobalamin)
Infectious disease prevention practice named for the Italian words meaning 40 days
Quarantine (quaranta giorni - holding arriving ships at anchor for 40 days before landing)
Cardiac abnormality associated with platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome
Interatrial shunt (accept patent foramen ovale (PFO); atrial septal defect; fenestrated atrial septal aneurysm)
Term for hypothyroidism resulting from paraneoplastic expression of type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase
Consumptive hypothyroidism