Infection Prevention
What is the most effective way to prevent infection spread?
Proper hand hygiene before and after patient contact.
Which principle means “do no harm”?
Nonmaleficence
How often should oral care be provided to an unconscious patient?
Every 2 hours — prevents aspiration and infection
What type of data is collected by observation?
Objective data — measurable, like vital signs
Normal adult oral temperature range?
average normal ranges as 36 to 38 degrees Celsius (96.8 to 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit)
What PPE is required for contact precautions?
Gloves and gown (for MRSA, C. difficile)
A nurse tells a patient the truth even when it’s difficult. What principle is shown?
Veracity — being truthful
What is the correct direction when cleaning the perineal area of a female?
From front to back — prevents UTI
A patient reports “I’m short of breath.” What kind of data is this?
Subjective data
Common pulse site for routine checks?
Radial pulse
What type of isolation is needed for TB?
Airborne precautions — N95, negative pressure room, door closed
Respecting a patient’s right to refuse treatment shows what principle?
Autonomy — self-determination
Why should bath water be about 110°F (43°C)?
Promotes comfort and circulation without burning the skin
Which position is best for lung auscultation?
Sitting upright — allows full chest expansion
Normal adult respiratory rate?
12–20 breaths per minute
When should alcohol-based hand sanitizer NOT be used?
When hands are visibly soiled or contaminated with body fluids
Ensuring fair patient assignments reflects which ethical principle?
Justice — fairness and equality in care
What should the nurse assess before providing hygiene care?
The patient’s ability to perform self-care
What is the first action for a patient with respiratory distress?
Assess airway and breathing — always prioritize ABCs
BP 88/56 mm Hg — what’s the nurse’s first step?
Reassess to verify accuracy, then compare with baseline
What breaks the chain of infection at the “portal of exit”?
Covering coughs/sneezes and using appropriate PPE
Keeping patient information private demonstrates what value?
Fidelity — honoring confidentiality and trust
A confused patient refuses a bath. What should the nurse do?
Reassure, explain, and attempt care later to maintain dignity and cooperation.
What is the most accurate tool for assessing pain in a nonverbal adult?
The PAINAD or FLACC scale
What factor can cause a falsely high BP reading?
Using a cuff that’s too small or wrapped too tightly