Glycolysis
Blank are the NET number of ATP molecules produced per molecule of glucose as a result of glycolysis
What are two ATP molecules?
4 ATP - 2 ATP = 2 ATP
Products of the citric acid cycle?
What are
4 CO2
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP
The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in oxidative phosphorylation is
What is oxygen
Blank is the number of Acetyl CoA formation cycles per 1 glycose molecule
What is two cycles
Glycose forms two pyruvate molecules
one pyruvate molecule is needed for acetyl CoA
The products made by both anerobic respiration and aerobic respiration
What are pyruvate and ATP
Molecule in glycolysis with the most chemical energy?
what is glucose
Citric acid cycle begins with
what is acetyl CoA
This process uses NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP
what is oxidative phosphorylation
under low oxygen conditions, the production of lactic acid in your body results in
what is muscle soreness and fatigue
Most CO2 from catabolism is released...
what is the critic acid cycle
Based on question 11's diagram on quiz handout (I can't upload pics)
The diagram shows possible pathways for the breakdown of glucose in various cells.
1. The names of substances A and D?
what are A-pyruvate and D- CO2
Number of citric acid cycles performed for every one glucose molecule
what are two cycles
The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation
what is the difference of H+ concentration on opposite sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane
Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They looked at compound...
what is lactate
Process that generates most of the NADH that delivers electrons to the electron transport chain?
what is critic acid cycle
Based on question 11's diagram on quiz handout (I can't upload pics)
The diagram shows possible pathways for the breakdown of glucose in various cells.
The names of process Q and R and role of glycolysis in both processes.
what are Q-fermentation and R-aerobic respiration.
Glycolysis is a required and integral process of both fermentation and aerobic respiration. The pyruvate generated from glycolysis is required for the two pathways.
How are electrons extracted from the citric acid cycle for use in the electron transport chain?
Reduction of NAD+ and FAD
When electrons flow along the ETC of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?
What is pH of the matrix increases
Anaerobic conditions and acetyl CoA formation
Under anaerobic conditions (a lack of oxygen), the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA stops. What happens?
In the absence of oxygen, electron transport stops. NADH is no longer converted to NAD+, which is needed for the first three stages of cellular respiration.
Locations where reactions of glycolysis, acetyl CoA formation, citric acid cycle and ETC occur in a eukaryotic cell
What are the
Cytosol --> glycolysis
Mitochondrial matrix --> acetyl CoA formation, citric acid cycle
Inner mitochondrial membrane --> ETC
A researcher studies the effect of an enzyme solution. After addition of she observes that pyruvate and NADH are produced.
Can ATP be produced through the activity of the enzyme solution?
Can this enzyme solution play a part in anaerobic catalysis of glucose?
What is yes.
Yes: ATP can be produced through the activity of the enzyme solution
Yes: enzyme can play a role in anaerobic breakdown
NADH and NADPH are major coenzymes for oxidoreductases. While nearly equivalent in redox potential, the two coenzymes often function in different metabolic actions. Describe these actions
NADH is often involved in degradation and NADPH in synthesis
The overall steps of the Electron Transport Chain in animal cells?
NADH and FADH2 are oxidized, hydrogen ions move into the intermembrane space, ATP is generated.
Refer to the diagram in question 9:
In animals, fatty acids are produced from excess carbohydrates in the liver and adipose (fat) cells by the FASI protein complex (fatty acid synthase I). FASI covalently attaches acetyl CoA into long chains with a terminal carboxyl group.
The number of molecules of acetyl CoA does the synthesis of the fatty acid stearic acid require is...
what are nine molecules
approach:
Acetyl-Coa has two carbon atoms
stearic acid has 18
18/2 = number of acetyl coA needed for syn
In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + to ATP?
energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient