Metabolism
The patient in anaerobic metabolism is deficient of?
What is Oxygen
Perfusion is best described as:
A) availability of oxygen to the lungs for placement into the blood.
B) an adequate amount of white blood cells to carry oxygen to the cells.
C) delivery of essential products and nutrients to the cell for its use.
D) exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood.
C) delivery of essential products and nutrients to the cell for its use.
A patient with a high fever has an accelerated metabolism and is producing abnormally high
amounts of carbon dioxide at the cellular level. To compensate, which one of the following will
occur?
A) Decreased levels of acid in the blood
B) Decreased respiratory rate
C) Decreased depth of breathing
D) Increased respiratory rate
D) Increased respiratory rate
) A patient with high blood pressure takes a medication to slow his heart rate, thus lowering his
blood pressure. The EMT would recognize this action as impacting the:
A) preload.
B) afterload.
C) systemic vascular resistance.
D) cardiac output.
D) cardiac output.
C). 158.4
The EMT would best recognize normal cellular metabolism as?
What is Aerobic
Which of the following is required for normal perfusion to occur?
A) Airway patency, proper amounts of oxygen, adequate glucose levels
B) Adequate breathing, sufficient red blood cells, good heart function
C) Intact breathing, ample red blood cells, body temperature of 98.6°F
D) Patent airway, sufficient breathing, high amounts of glucose, good heart function
B) Adequate breathing, sufficient red blood cells, good heart function
Which of the following medical conditions would impair a patient’s respiratory status by directly
damaging the central chemoreceptors?
A) Brainstem stroke
B) Lung cancer
C) Aerobic metabolism
D) Collapsed lung
A) Brainstem stroke
Paramedics have administered a medication to a patient in heart failure. The medication
specifically causes the veins to enlarge, thus decreasing the amount of blood coming back to the heart for pumping. The EMT would recognize this action as:
A) afterload.
B) pulse pressure.
C) preload.
D) systemic vascular resistance.
C) preload.
In supine hypotensive syndrome, the uterus becomes large enough that, when lying supine, it compresses which blood vessel?
A. Inferior vena cava
B. Abdominal aorta
C. Superior vena cava
D. Aortic arch
A. Inferior vena cava
Answer Explanation:
The uterus can become large enough (usually in the second half of a pregnancy) to compress the inferior vena cava in the abdomen when the patient is in a supine position.
What happens after a cell in anaerobic metabolism breaks down glucose and creates energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
What is lactic acid is formed
Carbon dioxide is a by-product of which of the following?
A) the Krebs cycle
B) glycolysis
C) chemiosmosis
D) the pentose phosphate pathway
E) electron transport
A) the Krebs cycle
A 100-kilogram patient with a 500-milliliter tidal volume breathing 16 times each minute would
have a minute ventilation of how many milliliters?
A) 8,000
B) 1,200
C) 1,600
D) 2,400
A) 8,000
Which one of the following best describes the concept of afterload?
A) Pressure that the left ventricle must pump blood against
B) Ability of the heart to adequately contract and pump blood
C) Amount of blood that a person has in the arteries at any one given moment
D) Amount of blood returned to the lungs for oxygenation
A) Pressure that the left ventricle must pump blood against
A 28 year old female with a closed head injury moans and bends her arms towards her chest. She points her toes forward when you attempt to splint upper extremity fracture. What is her GCS?
6
A patient’s lungs are full of fluid and cannot transfer oxygen to the blood. As a result, she is in
anaerobic metabolism. She has a decreased level of consciousness with a patent upper airway and
inadequate respirations. Her pulse is rapid and weak. Which one of the following prehospital
treatments would best address this situation?
A) High-concentration oxygen through a nonrebreather face mask
B) Intravenous (IV) fluids administered by paramedics
C) Positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen
D) Insertion of a nasal airway and oxygen through a nasal cannula
C) Positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen
Which of the following statements about the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio in a healthy person
is true?
A) Blood flow and amount of ventilation are equal throughout the lungs.
B) The upper portion of the lungs has more ventilation than blood flow.
C) Amount of blood is greater than amount of oxygen in the lungs.
D) The lower portion of the lungs has more oxygen than perfusion.
B) The upper portion of the lungs has more ventilation than blood flow.
Assessment of a hypoxic patient with a history of lung disease reveals him to be using well-developed accessory muscles to exhale. As an EMT, you should recognize that the patient:
A) is inadequately exhaling oxygen from his lungs.
B) is using energy to exhale and is in danger of respiratory failure.
C) has a problem with the red blood cells in transporting oxygen.
D) is adequately compensating for the problem with his breathing.
B) is using energy to exhale and is in danger of respiratory failure
For the patient with a narrowed pulse pressure, which one of the following is occurring?
A) The heart rate is decreasing.
B) The veins and arteries are dilating.
C) The blood vessels are constricting.
D) The blood is being pumped more slowly.
C) The blood vessels are constricting.
A 35 year old male patient has superficial partial-thickness burns to the anterior right arm, posterior left leg, and anterior head and neck. Using the Rule of Nines, calculate the total body surface area percentage that is burned?
18%
Failure of the sodium potassium pump can result in:
A) accumulation of acidic wastes.
B) excess amounts of sodium outside of the cell.
C) large amounts of potassium inside the cell.
D) cellular damage, swelling, and rupture.
D) What is cellular damage, swelling, and rupture.
A patient who has lost 1 liter of blood is conscious with a patent airway, but his extremities are
pale and cold to the touch. Vital signs are pulse 130, respirations are 22 and adequate, blood pressure is 74/56, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. Which one of the following is most needed by this patient to increase perfusion to the cells?
A) Increased blood pressure by giving IV fluids
B) Administration of oxygen
C) Increased number of red blood cells and plasma volume
D) Keeping the patient warm
C) Increased number of red blood cells and plasma volume
Which of the following statements about chemoreceptors in the human body is true?
A) The central chemoreceptors are located in the lungs and provide the primary stimulus to breathe.
B) The peripheral chemoreceptors are extremely sensitive to oxygen and are located in the brain.
C) The central chemoreceptors constantly monitor the oxygen levels in the body and increase the rate when more O2 is needed.
D) The peripheral chemoreceptors are more sensitive to oxygen than carbon dioxide.
D) The peripheral chemoreceptors are more sensitive to oxygen than carbon dioxide.
The EMT would recognize which of the following vital signs as most likely to cause left
ventricular failure?
(A) Chronically elevated systolic blood pressure between 140 and 160 mmHg
(B) Chronically decreased diastolic blood pressure between 30 and 50 mmHg
(C) Chronically decreased systolic blood pressure between 60 and 80 mmHg
(D) Chronically elevated diastolic pressure between 120 and 140 mmHg
(D) Chronically elevated diastolic pressure between 120 and 140 mmHg
You're assessing the one minute APGAR score of a newborn baby. On assessment, you note the following about your newborn patient: heart rate 101, cyanotic body and extremities, no response to stimulation, no flexion of extremities, and strong cry. What is your patient's APGAR score?
a. APGAR 4
b. APGAR 6
c. APGAR 3
d. APGAR 2
a. APGAR 4